<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218</id><updated>2012-02-16T18:10:28.750+05:30</updated><category term='Terrorism'/><category term='Pakistan'/><category term='Bangladesh'/><category term='China'/><category term='Dawood'/><category term='India'/><category term='Tracing IP Address'/><category term='USA'/><category term='Welcome'/><category term='Nuclear Weapon'/><title type='text'>Indian Security &amp; Intelligence</title><subtitle type='html'>Share your thoughts about Indian Security and Intelligence</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default?start-index=101&amp;max-results=100'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>127</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-772890818940516464</id><published>2011-08-28T00:33:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2011-08-28T00:55:12.907+05:30</updated><title type='text'>"SALUTE TO TRUE DEMOCRACY"</title><content type='html'>Few months ago Mr. Obama had visited UK and declared that only US and UK are true democracy. Now Mr. Obama, come to India and learn what is the DEMOCRACY. In some respect I salute US and UK democracy system but We are not UNDEMOCRATIC.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you see the Anna ji Movement then you will understand the power of BHARAT and the power of democracy. Its true that in our system there are many loop holes but same time see its power. Within 3 months Parliament is forced by GANDHIGIRI to listen voice of common man and they spent hours to pass a bill which was pending for last 40 years.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;And the most Important thing is that in Principle this movement had restrengthened the joint of Indians, the bonding. In month of Ramadan Every one forget his state, religion, cast, social status and voiced that enough is enough. Now either stop or quite.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;Second see the GENERATION BONDING. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-family:arial;" &gt;Our grand fathers, fathers, we and our sons- All four generations jointly voiced for nation. Really salute to all of us.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This is a reply and warning to all the countries who have desire to break India on the basis of state, religion, cast, social status etc. We Indian are calm, peace loving, ignore things but you should not dare to conclude that we will permit you to  break India.  "WE WERE ONE, WE ARE ONE AND WE MUST BE ONE DESPITE OF ALL THE DIFFERENCES."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-772890818940516464?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/772890818940516464/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=772890818940516464' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/772890818940516464'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/772890818940516464'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2011/08/salute-to-true-democracy.html' title='&quot;SALUTE TO TRUE DEMOCRACY&quot;'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-392440139622364462</id><published>2011-08-27T01:02:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2011-08-27T01:22:53.092+05:30</updated><title type='text'>The Revolution in India?</title><content type='html'>The people are discussing that Issue of Anna is a Revolution. I think no. This seems like revolution but actually it is process of democracy which teaches our leaders that the gap between you and me is being widen and now it can affect our relationship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Anna ji is just a voice for feelings of nation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually our political parties are busy collecting donations  from looters, our leaders are busy in looting, IAS/IPS became either part of that system or the were cornered. So public is not responsible for this crisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today i had seend statement of Mr. Rahul Gandhi and shamed that he going to next PM. He can not dare to accept his own responsibility that he (All leaders) and his party (All Parties) has failed to know / get feelings of public or voters. Unfortunately they were caged and truth is being covered.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What the Chaukadi say they oked it. He talked about visits. If he has will then start anonymous visits without lav-laskar and read the truth. Making statement is not solution. For 11 days you are busy and them came and said "Lokpal like EC". Mr. Gandhi your constituency is against corruption and my question is that what you did in last 2 years. Same case apply to others parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why everyone afraid?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;See the impact of T.N. Sheshan sahab reforms. Mayawati ji should salute him because whatever she is today that is result of Sheshan's reforms.  What happened - a new breed of leaders created and fortunately they are from root level though later on they became elite class.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Same thing was going to happen with Lokpal. It will change the status and power game. For example i will fill Passport form and send it by post. If it was complete then they will issue me passport within 15 days neither they will intimate me reason. No option for corruption. This is the main reason these corrupt people are opposing it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-392440139622364462?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/392440139622364462/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=392440139622364462' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/392440139622364462'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/392440139622364462'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2011/08/revolution-in-india.html' title='The Revolution in India?'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-4264189623552463792</id><published>2010-10-04T17:38:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2010-10-04T17:39:10.614+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Burning Kashmir</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;For last few months we are watching video clips of Kashmir issue. It might be possible that their rallies are genuine but its timing and the attitude shows something else.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Currently in Kashmir few nations have interest?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Pakistan:      Engaged in historic flood, corruption charges on top leader and army      personal, facing enmity of BAD TALIBAN, Al-Qaida, rise in internal crises.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;China:      Engaged in protecting its supply line, fears about current Indian show off      of Kashmir presence, increase in internal crises, afraid of being necked      against world about its future plan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;USA: Trying      to manage Taliban, LeT in favor to protect his own interest in area, Want      to hold a strategic position in area to control Asia, Afraid of Afghan war      leaks, Afraid of 1971 war leaks.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Russia:      Calmly monitoring US and China, Trying to regain its previous status.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Afghanistan:      More concern about training camps and about terrorist bases.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;What Kashmir violence did for them?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol style="margin-top: 0in;" start="1" type="1"&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;Pakistan:      People are busy (if safe and have electricity) watching Kashmir violence,      People are made satisfied that they are taking Bangladesh revenge, Media      forget flood and corruption, to divert and inspire terrorist towards      Kashmir who are in Pakistan, using it to get more donation for terrorist      organizations under cover of flood relief.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;China:      World media had been diverted from Chinese presence in Kashmir to Kashmir      violence, these violence’s are at peak when world started showing interest      in China and its defense expansion plans.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"&gt;USA:      world was discussing about wiki leaks document, Irak &amp;amp; India related      documents, they had raised outsourcing issue to shadow other issues, have      no objection if terrorist shift their focus from Afghanistan and      concentrate on Kashmir.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-4264189623552463792?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/4264189623552463792/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=4264189623552463792' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4264189623552463792'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4264189623552463792'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2010/10/burning-kashmir.html' title='Burning Kashmir'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-3251032597571011380</id><published>2010-09-02T14:16:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2010-09-02T14:19:31.181+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Postmartum of Mumbai Attack</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align="justify"&gt;For last few months our honorable HM is busy with US to manage the great Headley issue. I am surprised that why he do not want to understand a common thing that Mr. Headley is US own creation and the Mumbai attack was a covert plan of CIA to&lt;br /&gt;1.       Tighten security in Arab Sagar without any investment.&lt;br /&gt;2.       To implant Headley in LeT and Al-Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;3.       To assure that their supply from Arab Sagar was clear.&lt;br /&gt;4.       To create a secure base in Mumbai so that they are able to monitor movements in Indian Ocean and to manage China.&lt;br /&gt;ISI is ok with this plan because it is going to provide a base to&lt;br /&gt;1.       Shift its army from Afghan border to Indian border.&lt;br /&gt;2.       To manipulate peoples opposition on Drone attacks.&lt;br /&gt;3.       To Shift media from A. Q. Khan issue to conflict between India and Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;Let helped in this plan to&lt;br /&gt;1.       Show its capabilities to India.&lt;br /&gt;2.       To create tension in this area.&lt;br /&gt;3.       To provide a cover to Al-Qaida members so that they are able to quit Afghanistan and spread in entire Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;4.       To tighten their ties with Al-Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;Dawood helped in this plan because&lt;br /&gt;1.       To eliminate those police officers who had damaged his network most.&lt;br /&gt;2.       To capture Mumbai in his grip again.&lt;br /&gt;3.       To terrorize the Mumbai and to boost his members.&lt;br /&gt;4.       To take revenge of Abu Salem episode because he think Abu is Indian implant.&lt;br /&gt;What went wrong as per CIA expectation?&lt;br /&gt;1.       Al-Qaida use this scenario to cover its key operatives in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;2.       The movement of Pakistani Army provided a cover to Al-Qaida.&lt;br /&gt;3.       LeT had changed plan schedule which was not intimated to Headley because US was planned to catch them red-handed and prove their good intention in India.&lt;br /&gt;4.       ISI was not under total control of Pakistan government and Army; they utilized this scenario as per their own plan not as per US plan.&lt;br /&gt;What India is doing?&lt;br /&gt;                I am surprised that we spent corers of rupees on this issue. Why Chidambaram Sahab was so keen to interrogate Headley though we know he is not going to pass any information to us which could frame ISI or CIA. What he did was completely inspired and directed by CIA. Chidambaram Sahab should understand one thing that no one is going to save India. The world is afraid of India’s growth and they are just trying to engage India in a Conflict.&lt;br /&gt;US Intention and Obama recent Visit to Afghanistan:&lt;br /&gt;US understood one thing that Afghanistan is going to another Vietnam. He is in hurry to quit from Afghanistan and shift his focus to Iran. Their mind is set to promote Pakistan and Good Taliban to hold Afghanistan as soon as possible. NATO is also not much interested to stay in Afghanistan. Karjai is not able to motivate Afghanis towards a constructive path.&lt;br /&gt;Obama has a clear plan to transfer Afghanistan to Good Taliban who must be under direct control of US via Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;India's Position:&lt;br /&gt;Nothing had changed after 26/11 and nothing is going to change except that today terrorist are coming from Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Burma or Srilanka now add another country Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;My grandfather always told one thing, &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style="color:#ff0000;"&gt;money pulls money and power pulls power&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; but unfortunately our system does not understand this. We think that US will save us from China or Pakistan that’s why we are busy to welcoming them. But US is just concern to own business. 1971 is the best example.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-3251032597571011380?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/3251032597571011380/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=3251032597571011380' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3251032597571011380'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3251032597571011380'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2010/09/postmartum-of-mumbai-attack.html' title='Postmartum of Mumbai Attack'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1463771661198706353</id><published>2009-08-17T14:24:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-08-17T14:37:36.241+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Chief Ministers Security Summit</title><content type='html'>Today our honorable chief ministers will discuss the security issues of their respective states and our honorable PM will guide them towards central policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For last few months I  am experiencing that in todays scenario we can not bifurcate the internal and external security issues. Both are mixed and must be handled with due care.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;States have following major issues:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. State level Internal threat : Can be managed by improving policing and taking decisions without political interference.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Inter-state threat : Can be managed by enhanced interstate communication and a new police force having power to work beyond state boundaries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Threat from neighbor countries: Can be managed by fast, effective communication with center and a timely response from concern agency.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Threat from ISI and Dawood: A Nation level agency must be setup to manage this issue. Actually this is the area which is affecting entire India and every aspect: - Finance, Drug, Crime, Trafficking, Smuggling etc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hope our honorable PM and HM will understand the issues and manage it on top priority.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1463771661198706353?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1463771661198706353/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1463771661198706353' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1463771661198706353'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1463771661198706353'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/08/chief-ministers-security-summit.html' title='Chief Ministers Security Summit'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5503080533235132472</id><published>2009-08-05T23:47:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-08-06T09:17:49.654+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Issue of Fake Currency</title><content type='html'>For last few months we are more concern with this issue but if you remember in year 2006 there was inputs from RAW and IB that some one in Pakistan importing same ink and same paper by same source. But that time no one acted and the result we are experiencing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Actually the main problem is the lack of inter departmental communication&lt;/span&gt;. IB and RAW just collect information and pass to their senior authorities without making sure that action was taken or not.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is a great unfortunate fact that being nuclear power we are not capable to produce unique ink and paper and still depend on outsiders who are just businessman.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am sure approximate 10-20 % notes in market are fake and most of them from Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;What we should do:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Try to prepare our own ink and paper and implement more security mechanism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Force supplier to not supplying same ink or paper to any other party or country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Setup a group which will not only destroy D company but also to kill D gang because this group is mother of all evils.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Enforce strict laws.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5503080533235132472?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5503080533235132472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5503080533235132472' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5503080533235132472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5503080533235132472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/08/issue-of-fake-currency.html' title='Issue of Fake Currency'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-3226951893078711597</id><published>2009-07-29T14:24:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-07-29T14:50:04.246+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Security of Resources is Most Important</title><content type='html'>Our ancestors told a story that a King has very advanced weapon which can destroy entire troops. But during  enemy attack he failed to protect its weapon and hence he was easily defeated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Advanced weapon system does not guarantee that nation is safe until you are capable to protect your resource from all type of threat - Internal as well as External.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;External threat are generally visible and can be managed but the most dangerous threat is internal. For example I have an advanced gun which was operated and maintained by a team. Now if any outsider will try to destroy it then I can manage but what if any member of our team manipulate it such that at the time of use it is useless or it destroy itself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;What India Should Do ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Divide entire border in small chunks (Level 0) and appoint troops having total Power and Total responsibility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Each chunk will communicate with its all neighbors and report to only one authority (Level 1) and so on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. For any lack in responsibility the corresponding unit must be charged but due consideration must be given to their working conditions and environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;What Developed Nations Do :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During analysis of last 10 years we see that the best strategy is to disable enemy's key weapon system rather attacking them. Example is Irak, Afghanistan, Chechnya or Yugoslavia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you know your enemy then no one can defeat you.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-3226951893078711597?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/3226951893078711597/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=3226951893078711597' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3226951893078711597'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3226951893078711597'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/07/security-of-resources-is-most-important.html' title='Security of Resources is Most Important'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-2889357075724700408</id><published>2009-07-27T15:02:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-07-27T15:03:42.080+05:30</updated><title type='text'>US AID TO PAKISTAN: INDIA’S SECURITY CONCERN</title><content type='html'>U.S. first time established its diplomatic relations with Pakistan in 1949 during ‘Eisenhower’ administration. America agreed to provide economic and military assistance to Pakistan and latter’s partnership in ‘Baghdad Pact’ during this regime. At that time, Pakistan was so close to America that it was called ‘US’s most allied ally’ in Asia. US began to supply arms to Pakistan in 1954 and continued till 1965.Also, the threat of N. Khrushchev, the Soviet leader in 1960 to annihilate the nuclear arms of Pakistan affected the US-Pak relations. Gradually, US again restored arms sales to Pakistan in 1975 but then cut-off economic assistance under US “Foreign Assistance Act” due to Pakistan’s nuclear programme. The Soviet’s invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 proved to be another milestone in heavy US aid to Pakistan being the common interest of Pakistan and US in South Asia. In 1981, US agreed for 3.2 billion dollar military and economic assistance to Pakistan’s armory for conducting the worst operation which eventually defeated the Soviet’s in 1988. US congress again added 4 million dollar for economic development and security assistance package to Pakistan in1986, but in 1990, the US suspended military assistance/economic aid to Pakistan under ‘Pressler’ amendment’ which required the President of US to certify that Pakistan doesn’t possess nuclear explosive device. Again in 1998, the renewed US interest into Pakistan during Clinton administration was strengthened in view of India’s decision to conduct nuclear test in May 1998. Pakistan’s matching response to nuclear tests conducted by India, although called for another sanction by US but, later the intensive dialogue between Deputy Secretary Talbott (US) and Foreign Secretary Shamshad Ahmed (Pakistan) waved off sanction to an extent but in October 1999, Pakistan was kept under another sanction by US under section 508 of ‘Foreign Appropriation Act’. However the turning point in this scenario was 9/11 due to which Pakistan moved decisively to ally itself with the US in its war against Osama-bin-laden and Al-Qaeda. In bargain to provide the US many military airports and bases for its attack on Afghanistan and arrests of over 500 Al-Qaeda operatives, Pakistan had been lavishly getting appreciation from US. Although the economic and military assistance has been flowing from US to Pakistan, the huge amount of such aid has been misappropriated by Pakistan aimed to fight against India. Pakistan received 9 million American dollar after 9/11 incident, 4.2 billion dollar in 2003 to purchase advanced American military technology and further in May 2006, Bush announced major sale of missiles to Pakistan costing 370 million US dollars. The recent Taliban’s upsurge in Pakistan particularly in SWAT, FATA, Waziristan and in close vicinity of Rawalpindi, Lahore and Islamabad has caused some concern to US authority but after visit of Asif Ali Zardari to America, this issue has been cooling recently.US Ambassador to Pakistan has again reacted about US commitment to assist Pakistan government in the areas of development, stability and security and has also announced 8.4 million dollar aid to address Pakistan’s food crisis. However, the Pentagon has confirmed one of South Asia’s worst kept secrets that, Pakistan has used billions of dollars of US aid to buy a mind-boggling array of conventional American Weaponry to use against India which was meant for Pakistan to fight the war on terror. India has repeatedly pointed out that much of military hardware of Pakistan’s shopping list was not suited to anti-terror operations by Pakistan. Pentagon has also revealed that even the pouring aid to Pakistan by Bush after 9/11 to fight Al-Qaeda was used to develop offensive capabilities against India. This was on its peak between 2002-2009. Even acquisition of anti-tank missiles to F16’s by Pakistan was meant to blunt India’s edge in conventional weaponry. Such gestures by US authorities in favor of Pakistan has become a cause of great concern to India particularly in view of Pakistan’s fragile democracy, upsurge of Al-Qaeda, Pakistan’s nuclear capability and bad experience between both the countries during past 60 years. US may have got its compulsion to appease Pakistan due to its war against Al-Qaeda but it should also be equally concern about balance of power in South Asia particularly arms race between two nuclear power nations.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-2889357075724700408?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/2889357075724700408/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=2889357075724700408' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2889357075724700408'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2889357075724700408'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/07/us-aid-to-pakistan-indias-security.html' title='US AID TO PAKISTAN: INDIA’S SECURITY CONCERN'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-635393489383073868</id><published>2009-07-22T15:34:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-07-22T15:43:32.391+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Why India is Playing in  Hands of Developed nations ?</title><content type='html'>For last few months we realize that India is caught in nexus of developed nations and some one is trying to engage India and China in a cold war. I think China may be a threat to India but not in such a manner that one should get ready for a war. Both countries have power to destroy each other and both know it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually CIA and USA are caught in a situation where they wants to divert world attention towards new issue. They are facing trouble in managing Irak, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan issues. They have no reason to justify their act thats why they are trying to open new fronts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In recent clashes with China, USA was clearly beaten thats why they a looking a shoulder to put their gun and control fire.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The coming 3-5 years are going to be very very critical for India and the best option is to keep moving ahead without a conflicts with any one.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-635393489383073868?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/635393489383073868/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=635393489383073868' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/635393489383073868'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/635393489383073868'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/07/why-india-is-playing-in-hands-of.html' title='Why India is Playing in  Hands of Developed nations ?'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7893464093545833162</id><published>2009-07-08T12:30:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-07-08T12:50:16.437+05:30</updated><title type='text'>IAF moving Sukhoi base to northeast</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:#000000;"&gt;Four multi-role strike fighter jets would land June 15 at the Indian Air Force (IAF) base in Tezpur, about 185 km north of Assam's main city of Guwahati.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;color:#000000;"&gt;The India-China border along Arunachal Pradesh is marked by the McMahon Line, an imaginary border which is now known as the Line of Actual Control (LAC).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India and China fought a bitter border war in 1962, with Chinese troops advancing deep into Arunachal Pradesh and inflicting heavy casualties on Indian troops.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The border dispute with China was inherited by India from British colonial rulers, who hosted a 1914 conference with the Tibetan and Chinese governments that set the border in what is now Arunachal Pradesh.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 255);"&gt;Same time we witnessed a plane crash in Northeast which was not much noticed but these both incidents are interrelated with each other. For last one year we had seen several incidents when the signal between ATC and Plane were blocked and we still think it is a technical issue rather there is any thing else.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;In northeast china and ISI had built a strong base and it must be tackled separately because ISI wants to take revenge of Bangladesh. Their plan is to Cut the Siliguri line with help of Bangladeshi terrorists and meanwhile china will manage its positions in northeast.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;China has never recognized the 1914 boundary, known as the McMahon Line, and claims 90,000 sq km (34,750 square miles) -- nearly all -- of Arunachal Pradesh. India also accuses China of occupying 8,000 sq km (14,670 square miles) in Kashmir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hope Indian government will act on it.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7893464093545833162?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7893464093545833162/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7893464093545833162' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7893464093545833162'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7893464093545833162'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/07/iaf-moving-sukhoi-base-to-northeast.html' title='IAF moving Sukhoi base to northeast'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5129805295515676137</id><published>2009-06-30T13:51:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-30T14:07:27.231+05:30</updated><title type='text'>India Should be ready to face new US Policy ?</title><content type='html'>As I mentioned in my previous articles India should not expect any change in US policy. CIA and US have only one agenda just keep their control on Pakistan to stay in this area. Neither they are serious to eliminate Alquida nor Terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although they are confirming that terrorist have no Nuclear weapon but Inputs from ISI assures  that  Osama  had already managed  such  technology   and they are capable to use it. Alquida is running a top secret lab and preparing weapons which are more harmful and easy to carry and deploy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now they are concentrating on systems which can be used as weapon like Dams, Water supply, Electricity supply etc. For example conducting a direct attack on US is not so easy but it is possible to conduct an artificial Earthquake which can generate a Psunami and this PSunami can destroy more area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today Alquida is on low profile and all their core members are spread in all over world to save themelves because if they are alive then they can do every thing.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India must be cautious about it. PoK (Pak Occupied Kashmir) is being used as shelter for terrorists. They are regenerating their strength in this area and the easiest target is India.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5129805295515676137?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5129805295515676137/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5129805295515676137' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5129805295515676137'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5129805295515676137'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/06/india-should-be-ready-to-face-new-us.html' title='India Should be ready to face new US Policy ?'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5830151379534554449</id><published>2009-04-19T12:10:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:05:23.082+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bangladesh'/><title type='text'>Terrorist Activities in Bangladesh and Global Terrorism</title><content type='html'>Introduction&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The security environment of Bangladesh is and was always peaceful in comparison to many other countries of this region. In respect to terrorist activities the country was in very low profile threat. If we consider the population density and diversity of the population the incidents are very normal and negligible. Last few years terrorist activities in this country got new dimension. Initially those were in very primitive type and gradually things are becoming complex, difficult to encounter/control/neutralize. Incident of 17 august 2005 was a massive shock in our peaceful existence and it reminded us that we need to do something to stop and finally come out of this evil cycle. Though the number of incident was more but the magnitude and the casualty was not that much. We may still call this as the beginning of the coordinated terrorist activities and with our utmost sincerity and devotion the country still can come out of this unwanted and unpleasant situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In last six years we are observing bomb incidents in the country and the trend was going up. It was curved down by the appropriate authority and the sincerity of the law enforcing agencies of the country by adopting adequate counter measures. In the beginning there were many unexploded bombs placed in different places. Explosives were there but the bombs were not functional. Some bomb threats were also there but the casualty related to this types of incidents were not significant. Ten persons were killed in the bomb incident that took place in 6 march 1999. We may take that as the beginning of successful terrorist attempt to destabilize existing peace and tranquility.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Unlike other countries of the world the terrorist activities like this type of bomb incidents will have devastating effect in our country. Our country is over crowded and densely populated. If some incident of this type takes place number of casualty will be more and destruction of&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;properties will be also more as everything is constructed in a smaller area. Then there comes the secondary hazard. All these will actually act as problem multiplier because we don’t have sufficient equipment and trained manpower to combat these type of situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This article will primarily focus on bomb related terrorist activities highlighting the major incidents occurred during the period from 1980 to 2000’s in global perspective. There after recent trend of growing terrorism in Bangladesh specially bomb related incidents will be covered to reveal few measures for combating such incidents effectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Brief History of Terrorism&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The words ’terrorism’ and ‘terror’ were adopted from a French word ‘terreur’ which originates from the Latin word ‘terrere’ which means to frighten. During French revolution these were widely used for the first time to indicate the reign of terror. Terrorism in present context is a specialized and sometimes sophisticated and large scale criminal conduct. It is mainly done to generate casualty of innocent and defenseless civilian, destruction of properties, infrastructure and cultural sites.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the past terrorism was there in many form. Between the end of second world war and the 20th century total 120 armed conflicts occurred. In 20th century a person was killed in every 21 second for 100 years from terrorist related activities. By the end of the 20th century, the world had witnessed several new and horrifying forms of terrorism, some even by the State, such as genocides, collectivization, purges, crimes against humanity and mass casualty incidents.&lt;br /&gt;Today, the terrorist is largely perceived as an unknown, obscure and shadowy murderer, sometimes a religious fanatic, who sets off bombs causing loss of life and great destruction in civilian population centers. It is very sad that Islam is being exploited to legitimize terrorist&lt;br /&gt;actions by different organizations, religious and spiritual leaders. They try to legalize these in the name of jihad. The origin of all these types of terrorism is mainly unstable middle east region. Terrorist may belong to any religion though all the religion is against it. Currently Muslim fundamentalism has got wide publicity in the western media.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorism is carried out in many names besides religion including politics, freedom, environment, racial supremacy, animal rights etc. Terrorism and its motives are sometimes concealed and it is necessary to appreciate that the motive for a given terrorist act, whether declared by the terrorists, government or by media, may not always reflect the truth.&lt;br /&gt;There is no geographical boundaries for terrorism. Almost in all the region of the world with different magnitude terrorist activities are taking place. For combating terrorism existing police force alone can no longer combat the magnitude of terrorism. Elements of armed forces, special forces, national intelligence and security organizations are employed against terrorism. Government of many countries have signed and confirmed agreements, to suppress and combat terrorism as its magnitude is increasing gradually.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After 11th September 2001 incident, many countries have intensified their anti-terrorism efforts. Legislation is a useful mechanism for legalizing special preventative measures taken by the security forces. Anti-terrorism efforts have practically doubled in many countries. In United Nations many new Resolutions against terrorism were passed. Terrorism Prevention Branch (TPB) is effectively implementing the efforts of UN against terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During cold war era the face of terrorism was different. Those were mainly supported and manipulated by WARSAW pact countries in the form of guerrilla warfare. Then the middle east problem came up and still it is continuing between Israel and other Arab nations. As a result whole middle east is in a state of unrest and the other parts of the world is getting the heat of&lt;br /&gt;that. After the end of cold war new types of ruthless terrorism emerged which is characterized by religious, political, ethnic and social intolerance. General people normally come to know about the terrorist act through media after the incident.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In today’s world some Islamic terrorist group or coalition are considered as most dangerous. These groups distort Islam to justify their actions. Their objective is to change the existing world order and establishment of Islamic state in the world by terrorizing the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Essential Elements of Terrorism&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There are some common and essential elements in all cases of terrorism. Those are:&lt;br /&gt;a. Cause or motive.&lt;br /&gt;b. Ends and means.&lt;br /&gt;c. Ability.&lt;br /&gt;d. Calculation.&lt;br /&gt;e. Terror.&lt;br /&gt;f. Victim(s).&lt;br /&gt;g. Target(s).&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;Some other elements may also be there like:&lt;br /&gt;a. Publicity.&lt;br /&gt;b. Demand(s).&lt;br /&gt;c. Coercion.&lt;br /&gt;d. Recognition.&lt;br /&gt;In broader term most terrorism have four interlinked factors. Those may be called as four pillars of terrorism. Those are :&lt;br /&gt;a. Motivation.&lt;br /&gt;b. Objective.&lt;br /&gt;c. Target.&lt;br /&gt;d. Destruction of asset and properties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Motivation can be considered as a sleeping partner. The objective of terrorists is the most important factor to them. Objective comes first and motivation acts as driving force to attain that. The other two pillars are, asset harm and target are the outcome of that object. Mainly for attaining any object terrorist need to select targets and the asset harm or destruction of property is the outcome of the terrorist incident.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorist Weapons, Resources, and Equipment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorists use a wide range of military weapons and equipments. They collect those by illegal purchase, smuggle or by other unorthodox ways. The most common military weapons that terrorists frequently use are pistols, revolvers, rifles and submachine guns. Terrorists also use light machine guns, time-bombs, mortars, mines, rocket propelled grenades and hand-grenades.&lt;br /&gt;Most of the terrorists bombs are improvised. They are termed as Improvised Explosive Devices or IEDs. It consists of a power source, initiator, switches, explosive charge and a suitable container. Vehicles can be converted easily to an IED. IEDs vary in quality and effect according to the technology used and the explosive content. The mechanism can be made complicated and sophisticated integrated circuitry can be incorporated in the IEDs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The devastating effect comes from the explosion/ detonation of explosive charges used in it. Besides using conventional explosives most terrorist use locally available chemicals or commercial explosives. These are called Home Made Explosives(HME). Depending on mixing ratio they give incendiary or explosion effect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assembling IEDs is dangerous. Accidents may occur while assembling the IED and the assembler may even be blown up and killed. Detonating IEDs is not as hazardous as constructing. IEDs may accidentally explode while being transported by terrorists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Suicide bombers are just another weapon in the armory of terrorists . There is little protection from suicide terrorists equipped with bombs. This type of terrorist is very dangerous and is able to strike where terrorists who seek escape would not normally venture. They are usually extremists motivated by fanatic interpretations of religion or ideology, those on the edge of despair, or a combination of both. The aircrafts used on 11 September 2001, were used as weapons by suicide terrorists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Media and Terrorism&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Media can play vital role against terrorist activities. Media gives terrorists their desired publicity. This publicity sometimes install widespread fear among the common mass. This sometimes favors the terrorists who wish to instill fear. Some media sources strongly condemn terrorism for what it is. Some media sources intentionally minimize the publicity afforded to&lt;br /&gt;terrorist groups and highlight successes and failures of security forces. We can say that media can play duel role.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Media is having enough flexibility to report terrorism in a responsible fashion, especially when they know that most terrorists seek publicity to attain their object. Role of media in September 2001 incident was well appreciated and appropriate and helped security forces of the world to take necessary action against that heinous acts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bomb Related Incidents and Deaths in Last Two Decades&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1980’s we saw that the incidents took place mainly in Lebanon, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Pakistan ,USA, Vietnam and Palestine. During this period political unrest prevailed in these countries. In some countries transition of political power were going on. We just cannot draw a conclusion that middle east or Palestine was the only problem prone area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorist incidents were less in 1990’s than that of 1980’s. Because , during this period states took effective measures to counter terrorism. The effectiveness of anti terrorist force were improved. They were well trained and equipped by the government. Terrorism gets the exposure to explosives, small and medium arms more easily after the end of cold war. They are using those explosives to terrorize the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of these incidents took place in Iraq, Pakistan, Egypt, Turkey and other places. In 2002 explosion took place in Israel, Kenya, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Chechnya AND Tunisia etc. Many incident took place in European countries like Spain, Italy and UK(Northern Ireland); South American countries like Argentina, Columbia and Peru etc. From January 2006 till June 2006 total of 6000 personal died in different terrorist incident in Iraq. (BBC, This Week, 11 June 2006) It clearly says that the unrest is not confined in a region rather whole world is in a state of unrest.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bangladesh Incidents&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since independence the first bomb explosion took place in a public meeting in 1981. In that incident one person was killed. That was the beginning of terrorist attack using the bomb culture in Bangladesh. Though there was no significant upraise of the trend immediately after the incident. However, suddenly in 1999-2000 a total of six bomb explosions took place in various parts of the country. During the year 2001 the situation aggravated to a great extent. Only in two incidents 32 people were killed in 2001.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 07 Mar 1999’s explosion 8 people were killed and 150 injured. In same month in another powerful explosion two persons were killed on the spot and more three were injured. On 08 October 1999, another powerful bomb explosion took place at Kadiani Mosque in Khulna where 06 person’s were died on the spot and 40 were critically injured.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On 20th Jan 2001 in two separate bomb incidents total six persons died on spot and several others were injured. Ramna Botomul incident on 14 April 2001 snuffed out nine lives and injured many. Seven individual died on spot and almost 30 others were injured on 3 June 2001 in Catholic Church at Baniarchar in Gopalgonj district. 22 persons were killed and nearly 100 injured in a massive bomb explosion at a political party office in Narayanganj.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Total 438 Improvised Explosives Device (IED)/Bombs were exploded at different places of 4 Metropolitan Cities and 63 district headquarters of Bangladesh on 17 August 2005. In those incidents; 02 people died and approximately 150 were injured. The bombs/IED's were locally prepared with a timer circuit but with less lethality. The power source of the bombs were four pencil AA batteries. The circuit was timed, controlled by a switch and the detonator was electric. A small amount of Gunpowder (GP) and Aluminum based Home Made Explosive (HME) was used for sound &amp;amp; igneferous effect.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From 1999 to 2005 there were approximately 492 bomb, grenade and cocktail incident where 271 people died and more than one thousand were injured. The above mentioned incidents clearly reflects a sharp and alarming rise of bomb related terrorist activities in Bangladesh which can no more be ignored. To combat all these terrorist activities we need to know regarding terrorism and terrorist activities, chronological development, their logistical backup, method and the weapon they use to attain their objectives.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In Bangladesh in most of the cases the terrorist exploited Islam to justify their misdeeds. But actually Islam means peace and it really mean so. That’s why the terrorists are not getting popular support. The reasons for rise of terrorism in Bangladesh may be summarized as following :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. Poor financial backup.&lt;br /&gt;b. Ever-continuing economic crises.&lt;br /&gt;c. Extreme poverty.&lt;br /&gt;d. Illiteracy.&lt;br /&gt;e. Unemployment.&lt;br /&gt;f. Uncertainty regarding future.&lt;br /&gt;g. Exploitation of simple religious believe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Threat assessment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Present time is always best time. Without delay we must prepare ourselves to counter the terrorist acts that are growing in our country. If we can suppress and eradicate these types of act in the beginning then we will be able to revert the fate of country and can tell that we are still peaceful and our people will be living in peace and harmony.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assessing the threat profile and continuously monitoring and updating is the first step. Next step is to prepare the security and intelligence organization. It can be done by creating special cells and train personnel on different aspect of terrorist acts including tracking, preventing , forensic activities and data management. Then, Identify and motivate the potential/ vulnerable&lt;br /&gt;groups and prevent them from joining in terrorist groups/activities. Finally, existing laws if required to be updated for quick disposal of the cases. Exemplary punishment may be awarded so that people are aware and terrorists are cautious.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A threat assessment is necessary to evaluate the potential loss in these situations. This will help to examine what action can be taken to prevent or minimize those loss. Whether such action is an affordable option in financial and political terms to be also evaluated. Prime requirement is to precisely identify the threat. A typical threat assessment might include the following:&lt;br /&gt;a. Detailed profile of potential or actual threat, hostile forces and likely outcome.&lt;br /&gt;b. Character, disposition and vulnerability of all human resources.&lt;br /&gt;c. Nature and disposition of fixed structures and moveable assets.&lt;br /&gt;d. Preliminary assessment of potential loss.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The conclusion of a threat assessment often concludes with a change of level in a security alertness plan. It may be higher, lower or be maintained at the same level. There are several different levels or phases in such plans or systems.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joint Efforts to Counter Terrorist Acts.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorist activities (Bomb/IED situation) can not be tackled in piecemeal by a single agency. It necessitates a well coordinated effort of all fractions of the society. Under the prevailing IED situation in our country and appreciating the future trends following joint efforts are recommended :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;a. A well coordinated interaction between the law enforcing agencies (intelligence and police) and the military experts need to be established and maintained throughout.&lt;br /&gt;b. Security Forces need to be trained both at home and abroad. They must be proactive. Modern equipments should be used to combat the increasing threat. Use of resources may include:&lt;br /&gt;(1) Overall budget and financial expenditure.&lt;br /&gt;(2) Human resources e.g. Close protection officers.&lt;br /&gt;(3) Equipment resources e.g. bomb detection devices, vehicles.&lt;br /&gt;(4) More powerful and task-orientated weaponry.&lt;br /&gt;c. The intelligence network to be made effective in maintaining information related to availability of explosive for a bomb threat. Increased security intelligence can be gathered from:&lt;br /&gt;(1) Human Intelligence e.g. Open Source collection and Covert Operations.&lt;br /&gt;(2) Satellite Intelligence e.g. Imaging Intelligence.&lt;br /&gt;(3) Signals Intelligence e.g. Electronic Intercept.&lt;br /&gt;(4) Information Warfare e.g. Propaganda / disinformation and IT attack.&lt;br /&gt;d. Trans frontier intelligence activities must be geared up so that it enables concern people to become pro-active to blast incident.&lt;br /&gt;e. Restriction need to be imposed on selling and buying of readily available ingredients of home made explosive i.e. gasoline, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate etc.&lt;br /&gt;f. Awareness of general people needs to be increased through various electronic media and news paper.&lt;br /&gt;g. Media to be used to project the heinous act and motivate people not to support terrorism. To minimize panic, motivational broadcasting in radio and TV, telecasting of documentary films, social campaign like posters, placards, holding seminars etc can be arranged.&lt;br /&gt;h. Fastest investigation, quick trial and exemplary punishment of the miscreants to be ensured.&lt;br /&gt;j. Intellectuals have great role in countering the bomb culture. This society must put their magic to build an intimated social bond all over the nation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The terrorist groups normally do not get any support from the society. For preparation of the Bomb/IED they try to exploit the technology and collect the raw materials from the readily available chemical substances. The trend of bombs and the attacks in the developed countries and least developed countries may vary in technology, dimension and in different places but all such attacks are obviously against the humanity. The result is surely loss of life, serious injury, damage of property and an unsafe environment.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;IED or Bomb incidents throughout the world have become a great concern to the peace lovers. It is for sure that the attackers resort to such heinous act to achieve their unjust demands. At times they launch suicidal attack being highly motivated by their group. In this new millennium the frequency and dimension of the bomb/IED attacks has attained its peak. Thereby the environment of peace and tranquility is under tremendous risk.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The synchronized bomb blast at 63 District Headquarters of Bangladesh is a rare incident. Possibly the IED's were intentionally made less harmful because even with the use of good amount of Home Made Explosives it could have been very dangerous. May be to avoid check and detection by Security Forces the size of the IED's was not increased. It's a clear alarm for every one that the terrorist can attack at any place at their desired time with their desired devastation as the expertise they have shown in preparation of these IED's.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 2006 after massive effort by the security forces specially RAB, bomb incident was controlled to a satisfactory level and the people are a bit relaxed. Our beloved Bangladesh was in low profile bomb threat, but last few bomb incidents shook our peace and tranquil environment. But our peace loving people are always against this type of destructive activities. It is not too late for the Bangladesh to stand against these terrorist threats. The priority and urgency to fight against terror has gained the apex of general conscientious. So, we may say that present time is the best time to think, plan and execute the perfect countermeasures to stop and eliminate all types of terrorist activities from our country. Even if we achieve to control such activities; it will help us in the long run to bring normalcy in our civic life.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5830151379534554449?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5830151379534554449/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5830151379534554449' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5830151379534554449'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5830151379534554449'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/terrorist-activities-in-bangladesh-and.html' title='Terrorist Activities in Bangladesh and Global Terrorism'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-614541078447618471</id><published>2009-04-16T22:52:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:05:42.143+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Dawood'/><title type='text'>Why US is Ignoring Dawood ?</title><content type='html'>US is talking about Osama or Baitulla or Mulla Omar but ignoring Dawood Ibrahim. Its strange because he is the person facilitating entire supply of terrorist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually Taliban is just producing drugs but the key player is D Company. You can destroy Drug producers but D company will arrange another place to produce. The entire Kashmir and surrounding area is very convenient to produce drugs. People are poor so they are ready to produce drugs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dawood network is involved not only in drugs but also in human trafficking, Hawala, Arms supply etc. and all of them are being used by terrorists to execute their activities.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Until the Dawood and ISI are destroyed US will not succeed to eliminate Alquida and Taliban. Alquida is not cornered rather it is gaining strength and I suppose developing new bases far away from Afghanistan. Its sure that Osama is neither in Afghanistan nor in Pakistan because Afghanistan is not safe and he does not believe on Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;By some Unconfirmed sources we have Information that Top Alquida Leaders shifted themselves from Afghanistan and restricted their activities. Even they are not using phones.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Alquida is planning Divide and Conquer Policy. They want to create several fronts such that US can not concentrate. Although CIA knows it but can not accept. As per CIA history it could be assumed that some how they want Alquida alive because it provides a ground to stay in this area.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-614541078447618471?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/614541078447618471/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=614541078447618471' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/614541078447618471'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/614541078447618471'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/why-us-is-ignoring-dawood.html' title='Why US is Ignoring Dawood ?'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-9078582799956558230</id><published>2009-04-15T11:57:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:05:57.968+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Details On The Extensive Pakistani Terrorist Network Directed At Kashmir</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SeV_cMmSUvI/AAAAAAAAAFg/_jowsxzUtw8/s1600-h/terr.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 663px; height: 455px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SeV_cMmSUvI/AAAAAAAAAFg/_jowsxzUtw8/s320/terr.gif" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5324802256830354162" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-9078582799956558230?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/9078582799956558230/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=9078582799956558230' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/9078582799956558230'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/9078582799956558230'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/details-on-extensive-pakistani.html' title='Details On The Extensive Pakistani Terrorist Network Directed At Kashmir'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SeV_cMmSUvI/AAAAAAAAAFg/_jowsxzUtw8/s72-c/terr.gif' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7853144068031619198</id><published>2009-04-15T11:46:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:06:13.054+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Profile: Mullah Umar</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;FAMILY BACKGROUND AND BIRTH&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ameer-ul-MumineenMulla Muhammad Umar Mujahid belongs to a respected family of religious&lt;br /&gt;scholars. His family is renown for the religious services offered by it for centuries. His full name is Muhammad Umar Mujahid bin Maulwi Ghulam Nabi Akhwand bin Mulla Muhammad Rasool&lt;br /&gt;Akhwand bin Mulla Muhammad Ayaz Akhwand. He belongs to a well-known branch of the Hootak tribe, which has been living in Kandahar for about a hundred years.Mulla Muhammad Omar was born in 1960 in the 'Noori' village in Kandahar Province. Kandahar used to be the capital of the Indo-Subcontinent when it was justly ruled by the great Afghan Mujahid conqueror, Ahmad Shah Abdali. Mulla Umar's father, Maulwai Ghulam Nabi, was a religious scholar and the Imam at a mosque in Noori. His predecessors lived in the province ofZabul, in the districts of Shakay and Beirut, where, even today, a water stream is remembered by the name of one ofMulla Umar's respected elders.Mulla Umar's family has produced religious scholars in every generation, who have rendered countless services to Islam for centuries. His family is well known to have a great fervour for Islam. Almost all of his predecessors have been religious scholars, rendering religious services in the southern provinces ofKandahar, Zabul and Uruzgan. The people of Afghanistan have consulted his elders for centuries, seeking guidance on religious, economical and social issues.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ORPHAN AT THE AGE OF THREE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulla Omar was just three when his father, Maulwi Ghulam Nabee Akhwand, passed away at the age of forty. He was the only child of his parents. His younger brother and three elder sisters had passed away at a young age. Therefore, after his father's demise, he was not only an orphan but also the only child of his mother. Who could have thought at that time that this poor boy would go on to become the Ameer-ul-Mumineen of Afghanistan and a symbol of bravery, valour, patience, humbleness and Jihad in the Way of Allah (SWT)? After his father's death, his eldest paternal uncle, Maulwi Muhammad Anwar, married his mother and remains the head of the family. Allah (SWT) gave the family three sons and four daughters, who are still alive and waging Jihad in the Way of Allah (SWT). One of his brothers was martyred in 1998 when a massive bomb went off outside his office in Kandahar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was an assassination attempt on his life planned by both the CIA and the Northern Alliance&lt;br /&gt;Commander, Ahmad Shah Masood, who by the will of Allah (SWT), was assassinated on 9&lt;br /&gt;September 2001. Other paternal uncles of Mulla Umar are Haji Mulla Muhammad Hanafiyyah&lt;br /&gt;Akhwand, Haji Mulla Muhammad Jumma Akhwand and Haji Mulla Muhammad Wali Akhwand. All of his uncles are known to have great fear of Allah (SWT) but Mulla Wali Muhammad Akhwand stands out for his excessive prayers and remembrance of Allah (SWT). All his family members live under the same roof with love and unity. The young men in the family are all participating in Jihad and are sacrificing their life and wealth to rid the world of Disbelief and Evil.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ISLAMIC EDUCATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulla Umar received primary education from his benign guardian, loving stepfather and generous uncle, Maulwi Muhammad Anwar, who was a religious scholar and Imam at a mosque in the Beirut district of the Uruzgan province where he taught a mass of religious students. Other than his under his uncle, he studied the Quran, Hadith and Fiqh from many accomplished scholars whose names are not available. For a period he also remained a student of his other uncle,Mulla Muhammad Jumma Akhwand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;FAMILY HOUSE, LAND AND ESTATE&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulla Muhammad Umar's family, a family of tribal scholars, never went after the attractions of this world. Instead they chose to devout their lives for the propagation of Islam and the imparting of religious knowledge. Their lives are a living symbol of patience and gratefulness towards Allah (SWT). Upholding the name of Islam and following its laws staunchly were goals superior to all worldly gains. Wealth and material possessions were never able to weaken their resolve. It was due to this disregard for the luxuries and life of this world that neither Mulla Umar nor any of his uncles own any houses, land or estates.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MARCHING TOWARDS THE BATTLEFIELDS AT EIGHTEEN&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was 1978CE (1398 AH) andMulla Umar was studying the highest-level book of the Hanafi school, the 'Hidayah', when Afghanistan was stormed by Communist aggressors, followed by the Soviet Red Army in December 1979. Thousands of young Muslims with the fear of Allah (SWT) and honour, decided to quell the Red insurgence. Among these soldiers of Allah (SWT) was an energetic young man of no more than eighteen years of age:Mulla Muhammad Omar. Filled with religious fervor and love for Islam, he took up weapons and headed for the battlefield. At the height of his youth, he stepped forward against the disbelievers and terrorised their ranks. He had resolved to revive the forgotten duty of Jihad that Allah (SWT) and his Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) adored so much and whose real meaning was bygone for the Muslim Ummah. He actively participated in the Jihad from the very beginning and it was then that the foundations of the Taliban Islamic Movement and the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan were laid, which were to serve as the source of light, hope and life for the dejected Muslim Ummah drowned in the darkness of apathy. It was, in effect, the beginning of the Islamic renaissance.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INJURIES SUSTAINED IN URUZGAN DURING JIHAD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;At the onset of the Jihad against the Communists and the Russians, he was fighting the enemies of Allah (SWT) in the Beirut district of Uruzgan Province. It was whilst he was wrecking the ranks of the disbelieving invaders that he sustained serious injuries on two occasions. The first time was when his leg was badly inured by rocket shrapnel and the second time was when he came under intense machinegun fire, which left his body riddled with bullets. He received medical treatment for the extreme wounds inflicted on his body, which, though they wounded his body, never scratched his incessant will to wage Jihad against the forces of Satan. Soon, by the grace of Allah (SWT), he regained his health and was back in the battlefield to devastate the enemies of Allah ( SWT).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His valour and gallantry filled the enemies with terror and his ceaseless attacks on the Communists raised alarm. His experienced and perceptive uncle anticipated the designs and conspiracies of the Communists and advised him to move the centre of his guerrilla operations to the South-Western district of Panjwai. Another reason for selecting this area was that the Kandahar-Herat highway passed through this district, which was a crucial supply line for the Communists. This busy road was an excellent target for guerrilla activities, so Mulla Umar moved his unit of Mujahideen to Panjwai.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His excellence as a leader, competence as a tactician and unmatched fearlessness made him emerge as an exemplary guerrilla commander. His fellow Mujahideen admired him for his humble ways, good manners and virtuosity, whereas the oppressed Afghans adored him for being an honest and generous man. On the other hand, his presence was a nightmare for the Communists and the Russians. He paid occasional visits to his parents in Uruzgan during this period of Jihad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GETTING INJURED FOR THE THIRD TIME&lt;br /&gt;It was during the period when he was fighting the Russians in the area of Sangsar, that he was badly injured for the third time, in an intense encounter with the Soviets. This time he sacrificed his right eye in the Way of Allah (SWT). His companions said that he was taken to a hospital in Quetta, Pakistan, due to the severity of his injury. After surgery, he was advised by the doctors to make Tayammum (ablution without water) instead of making Wudu (ablution with water) since water could have aggravated his wounds. Against the doctors' advice, he always used water for ablution and never prayed without properWudu. He used to say: "It is not possible for me to stop makingWudu for such minor wounds."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ON THE SIXTEENTH RPG, IT WENT UP IN FLAMES&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulla Umar's companions during the Jihad against the Soviets and Communists included the&lt;br /&gt;Talibans' first and foremost Commander-in-Chief, Shaheed Mulla Muhammad (RA), Shaheed Mulla Naik Muhammad (RA), Shaheed Mulla Borjan (RA) and famous commanders,Mulla Bradar, Mulla Yaranah, Mulla Ubaidullah and Mulla Akhwandzadah. At that time he was associated with Maulwi Nabi Muhammad's group, Harakat-ul-Inqelab-al-Islami. He was the group's local commander and a sure shot with the RPG-7 (antitank weapon). Refreshing his memoirs of those days, one of his old time friends described an encounter with Russian armour. It was in the district of Panjwai where the Mujahideen under Mulla Umar's command were fighting the Russians. One of the Russian tanks was expertly hidden in the terrain and had inflicted substantial damage on the Mujahideen. This tank had martyred many of theMujahideen therefore imposing on them considerable pressure. The tank was placed in its position with such skill thereby making it lethal for the Mujahideen to target. In order to tackle this hurdle and to ensure the safety of his fellow Mujahideen, Mulla Umar took the challenge.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Armed with a RPG launcher and a supply of rockets, he moved to a position from where he could&lt;br /&gt;attack the menacing armour. He fired a sequence of rockets on the tank and at last, on the sixteenth RPG, by the will of Allah (SWT) it went up in flames.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;INTERACTION WITH THE WORLD DURING JIHAD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During the Jihad neither Mulla Umar nor any of his family members migrated to Pakistan, Iran or any other country. They stood firm and chose to defend their faith and honour at the cost of their lives and wealth. On the rugged mountains they made their stand and from here they swooped on the Red Soviet Bear. During 14 years of Jihad against the Russians and after their defeat, Mulla Umar rarely travelled outside Afghanistan except for receiving medical treatment in the border town of Quetta. It was common practice among Afghan commanders to visit Pakistan every year and enjoy the luxuries of city life while they consulted their supporting governments and received aid. Mulla Umar, on the contrary, never made any such trips, which probably saved him from foreign influence and prejudice.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Being a low-level commander, the needs of his unit were fulfilled locally and never demanded his&lt;br /&gt;absence from the battlefield. This turned out to be truly beneficial for the future of Islam and Jihad. Fortunately for the Muslim Ummah, all throughout his life he was exposed to only two elements: pure Islamic education and practical Jihad in the way of Allah (SWT). These exemplary fourteen years of his life are filled with purpose, chivalry, courage, vigour and perseverance in the way of Allah (SWT).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Allah (SWT) willed for him a country life filled with Islamic knowledge and Jihad battlefields. The&lt;br /&gt;Almighty never exposed him to the outside world filled with greed, egocentricity and corruption. He was gifted with a true understanding of Islam and Shariah (Islamic laws), which, upon&lt;br /&gt;implementation, transformed war torn Afghanistan into a depiction of the Islamic society during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his Companions (RAAH).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;MARRIAGE AND RETURN TO EDUCATION&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;After the defeat and subsequent evacuation of the Soviet forces from Afghanistan, Mulla Umar went back to his religious studies. In a quiet and simple fashion, he got married at the age of 31. Allah (SWT) blessed him with two sons, Yaqub and Idris. There have been reports of Yaqub's martyrdom in the recent barbaric bombing by the Americans on Kandahar. While the Mujahideen commanders initiated a power struggle for Kabul, he started to teach at the local mosque.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;POST-COMMUNIST ERA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the passage of time, the post Communist era in Afghanistan saw even more destruction and&lt;br /&gt;oppression perpetrated by the so-calledMujahideen leaders. As the situation of law and order&lt;br /&gt;deteriorated, and the honour and property of the common man became even more insecure, the&lt;br /&gt;Afghans became dismayed with the power hungry commanders. Most of these commanders were Communists who had infiltrated the ranks of the Mujahideen to take advantage of their success. It was the survival of the fittest and the weak had no one to turn to for justice. The honour and chastity of women was neither safe inside their homes nor outside. Sick women were abducted from hospitals, never to be seen again. Parents smuggled their young sons to Pakistan just to save them from the paedophile commanders. The Governor ofKandahar, Gul Agha, married a boy in a well-set and publicised wedding. After every few kilometres was a commander's check post set up to dispossess the people of their livelihood and honour. Robbery and looting was commonplace. Human life became so cheap that people were killed on minor issues. Homes and businesses were ransacked and burned down. Allah (SWT) earth's was ravaged and plundered; there was no peace and all hopes of tranquillity were at an end. Then it seemed the blood of the Martyrs and the fruits of Jihad were going to be lost.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The following account was received from a reliable source and it unveils the Satanic face of the post&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Russian era commanders in Afghanistan:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A man was travelling in the province of Kandahar when he was stopped at a looting point set up by a Communist commander. When the poor man was harassed for money, he asked the commander's men why they were looting him and if Allah (SWT) and His Prophet, Muhammad (SAWS), had permitted them to do so. They said they would ask Allah (SWT) and Muhammad (SAW). He was taken inside the check post and one of the harassers addressed a satanic clean-shaven man as Allah (SWT) and asked if he had given him permission to loot the poor man. The man replied yes. Then another ugly clean-shaven man was addressed as the Prophet Muhammad (SAW), who also granted their claim. Then the commander's men told the unfortunate man to hand over his money as he had witnessed Allah (SWT) and the Prophet Muhammad (SAWS) affirm their demand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;STARTING THE TALIBAN ISLAMIC MOVEMENT&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mulla Muhammad Umar's heart bled as he saw the misery of the Afghans. It was unbearable for him to sit in his mosque and teach while the land of Jihad was transformed into a living hell for his people. Islam was kicked aside by the commanders and the sanctity of Muslims were torn. Afghanistan was burning and the West warmed hands over it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It was in 1993-94; at the age of 33, that Mulla Muhammad Umar Mujahid, with a group of around 15-30 religious students started the Tehreek-al-Islami-at- Taliban (the Taliban Islamic Movement).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They attacked the local commanders' check posts in Kandahar and after securing them, took the&lt;br /&gt;border town of Spin Boldak in an amazing operation. After securing the area in and aroundKandahar, they implemented the Shariah Laws and chased the Communists out of the province. More students joined them and the people welcomed the Taliban everywhere they went. Soon the oppressed people of other provinces invited them and the Taliban answered to their requests. One after the other, the Taliban took over the provinces of Afghanistan and by implementing Shariah, restored peace and order.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1996, the Taliban took over Kabul andMulla Muhammad Umar was unanimously accepted as the 'Ameer-ul-Mumineen' (the Leader of the Believers) of Afghanistan. Thus the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan came into existence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CONCLUDING GLIMPSE OF HIS CHARACTER&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once a delegation of guest came to visit Mulla Umar. Fresh bread, cream, tea and other delicacies were brought for the guests and they all began to eat heartily. All except Mulla Umar that is. He refused to touch the cream or the bread. His guests ushered him to eat with them but he refused. His advisors also urged him to eat with the guests, indicating that there was nothing wrong with him eating this food since it had not been brought especially for him; it was brought for the guests and he was the host. He still refused. A few moments later, a worker brought in a bowl of plain soup together with some hard, stale bread.Mulla Umar proceeded to break the hard bread with his hands and eat it with the soup. Upon being asked the reasons for his refusal to eat the cream, Mulla Umar said: "When the lowest person in my country eats this food, then I will eat it."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7853144068031619198?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7853144068031619198/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7853144068031619198' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7853144068031619198'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7853144068031619198'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/profile-mullah-umar.html' title='Profile: Mullah Umar'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-6652758647982051228</id><published>2009-04-12T23:15:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:06:30.403+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Taliban Entering India's Kashmir Valley</title><content type='html'>Is it true ?. Yes because entire ISI led group is trying to initiate a war with India. They can not attack directly so they are using another way. ISI is protecting Taliban and facilitating their movement towards India which is considered much safe as compared to Afghanistan border.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually ISI is caged in their own net and they have no way to cut it. Today If they support US then Terrorist will hit and if not then US will hit. Now they have a safe way just initiate a war with India which will provide a instant relief and some time to manage the situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai attack was well planned but they failed to gain real success because some of Key Indians ( Not Politicians )  managed the situation so that a war was avoided.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Media reports Sunday quoted the intelligence agencies as saying well-trained militants of Hizbul Mujahideen and Pakistan based militant group Lashker-e-Toiba (LeT) have sneaked into the region from Pakistan with the aim to disrupt Indian general elections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why ?. Actually they are loosing control in Afghanistan and want a new area from where they can run their mission.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-6652758647982051228?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/6652758647982051228/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=6652758647982051228' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6652758647982051228'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6652758647982051228'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/taliban-entering-indias-kashmir-valley.html' title='Taliban Entering India&apos;s Kashmir Valley'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7662275395996081554</id><published>2009-04-12T01:51:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:06:30.404+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>A Profile of Baitullah Mehsud</title><content type='html'>Abstract: Pakistani Taliban commander Baitullah Mehsud is considered in some intelligence circles as a threat as big as, or bigger than, even Osama bin Laden. His rise from a relatively little known entity in South Waziristan to the head of a full-fledged Taliban movement in Pakistan has not only grave repercussions for local security, but also for the Global War on Terror. The rise of this movement in Pakistan is not just a local disturbance, but the phenomenon of Taliban resurgence after&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;their post-2001 setback in Afghanistan, and with Baitullah as a protégé of Mullah Omar taking charge, has international implications as well. This paper will examine the little that is known about Baitullah’s personal background, his rise to power, and his place in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The disturbance created in the name of sharia by the Taliban is posing a serious threat to socio-political and socio-cultural infrastructure of Pakistan. The violence is taking a turn toward sectarianism and ethnic and international unrest despite the&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;fact that majority of people in Pakistan do not support such an aggressive enforcement of Islamic law. Yet, the Taliban are out to prove that power of bullet is greater than the power of ballot. Between 2003 and 2008, 1,200 Pakistani soldiers were killed, along with more than 6,000 tribesmen. The insurgency has spread to urban areas and swathes of territory have been destabilized. Militancy has spread to other parts of Pakistan, with bomb blasts happening in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Peshawar, Multan, Kohat, Tarbela, Mardan, Charsadda, Swat, and the entire tribal belt. Over the past year, there was the assassination of a former prime minister, and the US has started missile attacks and troop build-up across the border in Afghanistan. All this is a far cry from 2002, when none of these aggressions existed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;With the rise in violence, particularly stemming from Pakistan’s Northwest Frontier Province and Federally Administered Tribal Area, a more visible and organized insurgent effort has emerged and new leadership has come forefront. One such leader is Baitullah Mehsud. Baitullah was recently named as one of Time magazine’s 100 most influential people in the world.1&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Newsweek labeled him “more dangerous than Osama bin Laden.”2 Certainly, Baitullah is now a household name in Pakistan and an almost endless source of worry for the intelligence and strategic circles. His meteoric rise to infamy is coupled with a shroud of secrecy that has surrounded him from the very inception of his career. This paper will examine the little that is known about Baitullah’s personal background, his rise to power, and his place in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A tribal man of Waziristan Baitullah is a Pashtun from the Broomikhel branch of the Shabikhel subtribe of Mehsuds. Son of the late Muhammad Haroon, Baitullah was born in the early 1970s in a village called Landi Dhok in the Bannu region of Northwest Frontier Province at a distance from the Mehsud tribe’s stronghold in South Waziristan, an agency in FATA.3 While geographically the whole of Waziristan is a single unit, it was split into two agencies -- North Waziristan and South Waziristan -- for administration convenience. This seemingly inhospitable terrain with high and difficult hills and deep and rugged defiles is home to some 700,000 tribal people. The Mehsud tribe makes up approximately 60 percent of the population while the rival Wazir tribe comprises roughly 35 percent.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Religious extremists, both foreign and homegrown, have long been present in the tribal areas of Pakistan. This is in large measure due to the past acquiescence and support of the Pakistani and US governments, which encouraged the mujahideen to fight the Soviets in Afghanistan in the 1980s. Since the tribal areas are the natural geo-strategic gateway to Afghanistan, South Waziristan was a particularly important supply route for the mujahideen, helped by the fact that the same tribe lives on both sides of the border. After the toppling of the Afghan Taliban regime in late 2001, Pakistani, Afghan, and foreign militants fleeing from the US forces gathered in strength in Waziristan due to the naturally porous borders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the population is not ubiquitously radical, as some Western observers would like to believe. Indeed, most people of Waziristan would just like to make a decent living, as evidenced by the large number of tribals working in metropolitan cities of Pakistan as businessmen and laborers, trying to eke out a living by escaping the turmoil of FATA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Since the tribal pattern in FATA is radically different from the settled districts in the Northwest Frontier Province, the tribal style of living is different inasmuch as they are governed by the local customs and traditions, observed by their forefathers through centuries. Although there is a federal government representative in each agency, the real local governing power comes from the tribal leaders. The tribal malik is the chief of a tribe with manifold responsibilities including that of a spokesman, guardian of tribal interests, and head of the tribal elders who enjoys immense powers of the jirga.i The malik has considerable administrative and political influence within his own tribal jurisdiction and with the provincial and federal governments. Prior to Baitullah’s rise to power in South Waziristan, it was unheard of for someone other than a malik to become a leader of such prominence in a tribal area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The tribesmen of FATA, although diverse in many ways, share some common defining characteristics: they fiercely value their independence to the point of obsession; all foreign elements are by default considered suspicious (including Pakistani forces); and they would rather fight to the bitter end than lay down their arms in combat zones. Yet, at the same time, as history shows, they are prone to compromises if there are tangible dividends available that do not impact upon their traditional lifestyle.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;From the outside, the Pashtun man is a delightfully confusing mix of contradictions. He can be a lifelong friend and a deadly enemy, a paradox of honesty and a shameless cheat, a jovial person who would watch Pashto movies, while taking a break to say his prayers. To quote renowned Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid from “Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia”:4 Anyone who has been touched by an Afghan or visited the country in peace or in war will understand when I say the country and the people are amongst the most extraordinary on earth. The Afghans have also been affected by one of the greatest tragedies of this century – the longest running civil war in this era which has brought untold misery. Their story and their character involve immense contradictions. Brave, magnificent, honourable, generous, hospitable, gracious, handsome, Afghan men and women can also be devious, mean and bloody-minded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The same is true for the tribesmen of Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Admittedly, the difficult terrain and the militants’ knowledge of Waziristan play into their hands; it is certainly not an easy area to fight a guerrilla insurgency. Even CIA Director Michael V. Hayden admits challenges of the region on close examination. “This looks simpler the further away you get from it,” Hayden said in a January 2008 interview with The Washington Post. “And the closer you get to it, geography, history, culture all begin to intertwine and make it more complex.”5&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Baitullah’s training&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah calls himself a Talib and swears allegiance to Mullah Mohammad Omar, the leader of the Afghan Taliban. While attending a madrassa in his early 20s, Baitullah was immensely inspired by Taliban ideology, making frequent visits to&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan as a volunteer to participate in the enforcement of sharia by the Taliban.&lt;br /&gt;Other than attending a madrassa, where student frequently do little more than memorize Koranic verses, Baitullah has no other education. This is in sharp contrast to the leaders of North Waziristan who are known for acquiring their conservative religious knowledge through more formal education opportunities. Yet, despite his lack of formal schooling, Baitullah is very savvy. Considered a natural leader, with in-born keen political and strategic sense, Baitullah is leading his tribe against Washington and the NATO Allies in the War on Terror, even the Pakistani Army when necessary. Besides, he has a natural advantage over his foreign adversaries in that he was raised in the rocky region and is very well familiar with the locale, including topography, weather, and socio-cultural traditions of the tribes, language, and religious values prevalent in the area. And with guerrilla warfare, this advantage goes to the local populace, not the “foreign invaders.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As a guerrilla fighter, Baitullah is considered a skilled marksman and expert in using small arms. Baitullah sharpened his skills under the guidance of legendary Pashtun commander Maulana Jalaluddin Haqqani,6 the man who is widely believed to have helped Osama bin Laden escape the targeted bombing by the US in the Tora Bora mountains of Afghanistan in early 2002.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now with Baitullah in a place of prime importance in South Waziristan, a tribal territory about the size of New Jersey, he is provided ample opportunities to prove his political and strategic acumen by displaying excellent military skills especially in guerrilla warfare and blitzkrieg techniques. He is considered a leader who displays great ability to infuse vitality and esprit de corps amongst his followers, adapting to the prevailing situation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah seems to be obsessed with the concept of jihad, which is the militant hallmark. He draws his authority from verses of the Koran, citing those that defend his stance that non-Muslim foreign forces must be evicted from Islamic countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Allah on 480 occasions in the Holy Koran extols Muslims to wage jihad. We only fulfil God’s orders. Only jihad can bring peace to the World,” he says.7 The militant leader has been active in fighting the foreign troops in Afghanistan, and the traditional Pashtun aversion to invaders also runs in his blood. “We will continue our struggle until foreign troops are thrown out. Then we will attack them in the US and Britain until they either accept Islam or agree to pay jazia [a tax in Islam for non-Muslims living in an Islamic state].” Suicide bombers are vital tools in his arsenal; he has predicted that they are capable of giving a bloodier nose to foreign forces in Afghanistan in the coming years. “The mujahideen will carry&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;out even more severe attacks. If [the West] have air power we have fidayeen [suicide bombers]. ... They will leave dishonoured.”8&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah, believed to be around 35 years old, is diabetic.9 A local tribal chieftain divulged to Islam Online, on condition of anonymity, that “despite his diabetes, he is a very active man and keeps changing his hideouts frequently and briskly in order to be clueless to the hostile agencies.”10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“Personally, he is a very generous and polite man. … I found him a good person, and felt nothing extraordinary about him,” the local chieftain said describing an encounter with Baitullah about one year ago.11&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Rise to power&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the early days of the current war in Afghanistan, it is believed by many that Baitullah was involved in the Taliban insurgency, dispatching his men to Afghanistan to fight against the US-led Coalition forces. In hindsight this point seems to be more than probable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Known as emir, or commander, among his followers, Baitullah was a little-known figure on the tribal scene until late 2004, when he filled the vacuum left by the infamous tribal militant leader, Nek Muhammad Wazir who was killed in a missile attack in June 2004.12&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;His name appeared for the first time in newspapers after the abduction of Chinese engineers about three years ago when Baitullah was an aide to Abdullah Mehsud. Abdullah fought with the Taliban in Afghanistan against the Northern Alliance and in 1996 lost a leg when he stepped over a land mine.13 He was taken captive by warlord Abdul Rashid Dostum who turned him over to American forces. Abdullah was sent to Camp Delta at Guantanamo Bay Naval Base in Cuba and held prisoner for two years, insisting the whole time that he was just an innocent tribesman. He was released in 2004 for reasons that remain unclear, and he returned to Waziristan. Soon after his return, Abdullah and his aide orchestrated the kidnapping of two Chinese engineers working on a dam in his region, proclaiming that Beijing was guilty of killing Muslims.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On Feb. 7, 2005, Baitullah signed a deal with the federal government. Negotiating on behalf of his own group, which was becoming increasingly powerful in South Waziristan, bolstered Baitullah’s credentials as a local leader. While the federal government interpreted the deal as Baitullah’s surrender, his associates called it merely a peace agreement. One might call by whatever term one might prefer, but it is a fact that Baitullah and scores of his supporters laid down arms in a tribal jirga meeting.14 It is also an undeniable fact that he was wanted by the government for allegedly sheltering and assisting al Qaeda fugitives in areas dominated by the Mehsud tribe.15 As a part of the peace agreement, Baitullah pledged that he and his associates would not provide assistance to al Qaeda and other militants, and would not launch operations against government forces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah, at that time, explained that the peace agreement was in the interests of the tribal regions as well as in the interest of the government of Pakistan, since hostile forces like India and the Russian-backed former Northern Alliance fighters were benefiting from the lack of unity between the government and the tribesmen. This has been a consistent theme in his communications. He has referred to the Pakistani Army as a national institution that he does not see weakened by infighting.16 “We understand fighting against Pakistani security forces did not help the Taliban at all,” he told an assembled audience of press. “Pakistan has also realized that fighting tribal people is undermining it. Pakistan’s enemies are India, the Northern Alliance and Russia.”17 In return for amnesty, Baitullah promised not cross into Afghanistan for jihad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If nothing else, the February 2005 treaty tremendously raised Baitullah’s stature among his own men and established him as a negotiating entity on par with the government. Also this peace treaty allowed Baitullah a respite to widen and further strengthen his support base.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In July 2007, Abdullah, who Baitullah once suspected of being a double agent,18 died during a shootout with Pakistani military. As the forces raided his residence in Zhob district of southwestern Baluchistan province on the Afghan border, Abdullah detonated a grenade killing himself. Abdullah’s death was a crucial element in catapulting Baitullah to the top leadership slot in South Waziristan and its vicinity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah further consolidated his hold and established his warlord credentials in late 2007. On Aug. 30, 2007, in one of the most humiliating moments for the Pakistani Army in recent years, Baitullah’s forces brazenly captured more than 240 Pakistani soldiers and held them hostage for two months until his demands were met. One day after declaring a state of emergency in response to political scenarios in the country, then-President Pervez Musharraf reached a settlement with Baitullah, exchanging 25 militants in government custody for the captured troops. Musharraf later admitted that these men were trained suicide bombers, and one of them was under indictment for participating in a suicide bombing. As part of the deal, Baitullah agreed to expel foreign militants from his territories and stop attacking the Pakistani Army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Thereafter, Baitullah’s name regularly began to emerge in daily news reports. Some have tended to portray Baitullah as merely an annoying thorn in the government’s shoe, while others have consistently seen him as a key figure that can disturb the political equilibrium in Pakistan. Regardless of the perception, Baitullah’s influence and ability to inflict damage is raising.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;The formation of Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah’s strength as a leader was made definitive in December 2007 when a Taliban shura, a 40-member consultative council, chose Baitullah to unify its operations in Pakistan. The council consisted of Taliban representatives the from seven tribal agencies of FATA -- Bajaur, Khyber, Kurram, Mohmand, Orakzai, and North and South Waziristan -- as well as from several&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;districts in the Northwest Frontier Province, including Swat, Bannu, Tank, Lakki Marwat, Dera Ismail Khan, Kohistan, Buner, and Malakand.19&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan initially put forward a straightforward agenda, reiterating its stance to continuing the jihad against Coalition forces in Afghanistan as its main point. At the same time, the group issued a warning to the Pakistani establishment carrying out military operations against Taliban to desist from hostilities  and release their prisoners, or face the consequences. In particular, they demanded the government pull its troops out of  Swat within 10 days, the military close its check posts in Waziristan, and all Taliban be released, including former Lal Masjid khateeb Maulana Abdul Aziz.While the stated main goal of the newly formed group is to target the NATO allies in Afghanistan, a “defensive jihad” within&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan, according to the group’s spokesman Maulvi Omar, was forced due to the federal government’s activities against Taliban supporters.20&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Prior to the creation of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, the Taliban had been merely local groups. By forming a cohesive&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistani Taliban, their insurgency is afforded better coordination with the Afghan Taliban as well as with al Qaeda. A unified Pakistani Taliban certainly provides both military and political advantages by acting as one and speaking with one voice.21&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In order to rise to this upper echelon, Baitullah superseded several influential Taliban leaders, including Sadiq Noor, Mullah Nazir, and Noor Islam. It is unclear if Faqir Mohammed and his branch of the outlawed Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi (TNSM - the Movement for the Implementation of Mohammad’s Sharia Law) were represented at the meeting. A representative of Maulana Fazlullah’s Swat branch of the TNSM was in attendance.22&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is some sketchy evidence that even though Baitullah collected many of the splinter jihadi groups under the auspices of the Tehrik-i-Taliban, he has not entirely succeeded to keep some regional and ethnic militant groups united under him. One of the aims of the Tehrik-i-Taliban was to coordinate and make joint decisions on talks with the government. Some militants are in favor of halting attacks on the Pakistan military, in order to conserve tribal military energy for the fight against American and NATO forces across the Afghan border. Showing that united Pakistani Taliban are committed to the fight inside Afghanistan should serve as inspiration for Afghan jihadis to follow suit against Coalition forces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet, militants from the Ahmadzai Wazir tribe in South Waziristan are now pro-government and are attempting to remain neutral, going so far as to push back against Baitullah’s fighters. In North Waziristan, one of the important militant leaders, Hafiz Gul Bahadar, has kept a cease-fire with the government, while Baitullah’s fighters have continued to carry out attacks on government troops.23 Farther north in Bajaur, Faqir Mohammed, a firebrand figure second only to Baitullah, was quiet early on, but has now joined the movement wholeheartedly.24 It should be noted that Faqir Mohammed’s inclusion in the Taliban cause adds great strength to it. In an area where alliances have historically had a bewildering tendency to abruptly materialize and just as suddenly disappear, one cannot really predict the future of the Taliban coalition. For the time being, however,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah is in a robust strategic position, now having control over the militant groups in Waziristan, Swat, and adjoining areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As the leader of the Tehrik-i-Taliban, Baitullah is playing a definitive and pivotal role in the upsurge of militancy in northwest Pakistan, in turn having a direct bearing on the political situation in the country, with grave ramifications for international security.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Life under Baitullah’s enforcement of sharia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;“People dance to his tune. On his command, they can sacrifice their lives,” says the editor of a Peshawari newspaper on the condition of anonymity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah’s camp followers give him credit for bringing peace, but detractors argue that this semblance of peace was a creation of Baitullah’s mafia, his lieutenants squeezing the local people of their entire financial and other resources.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah was in close association with Mullah Omar for the enforcement of extreme form of sharia dating back some 14&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;centuries, without being mindful of the changes that have occurred since the birth of Islam. Baitullah’s dictates are as retrogressive as those that the Taliban tried to impose in Afghanistan, with a disastrous effect on the fabric of the society.With porous borders and tribes that straddle both side of the Pakistan-Afghanistan border, the enforcement of sharia in FATA&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;is carried out much in the same way it is in Afghanistan. Civil liberties and fundamental human rights are not allowed in this society, and strict conformity to Taliban code of conduct is required. Music is banned, music and video shops are burned, vehicles if equipped with stereo are confiscated, and barbers are not permitted to shave beards. All of these activities have been regarded by the Taliban as haraam, or sacrilegious.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to a tribal barber, all hair-cutting saloons in the area have been ordered by Baitullah to display warning signs to the effect that since shaving the beard has been forbidden, that service is not offered. Not only so, those violating this order are punished with barbershops being reduced to ashes; some have been put to death for undertaking this sacrilegious act. “Earlier I would shave my customers, but now I don’t. Because if I do, my shop will be torched and I will be punished to death by Baitullah Mehsud,” recounted Hayatullah, a barber in Makeen, South Waziristan, to a reporter early 2006.25&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Hayatullah further&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;mentioned that about three months earlier, Baitullah ordered a couple who had committed adultery to be stoned to death.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It does seem that the inherent structural imbalances, in distributive social justice in FATA, have left gaping wounds, which the fundamentalist project is quick to exploit. Hussein Khan, who owns a pharmacy in Wana, the district headquarters of South Waziristan, credits local tribesmen like Baitullah for some of his good acts. “He has restored law and order in the area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dacoits and thieves have left the area fearing harsh punishments,” Hussein Khan told a reporter for Islam Online.26 “Some people also believe that there are many bad people in his militia,” Hussein Khan reported citing the killing of 13 family&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;members of the federal government’s political agent in Khyber agency in an armed attack by Baitullah’s militia in late 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah publicly apologized for the incident, and the militants involved were placed in Baitullah’s jail.“Mehsud is gaining the advantage of indiscriminate bombing and killing of common tribesmen. Sympathies are increasing for him with every passing day. I am not a literate person, or a security expert, but I know that no military operation will succeed against him,” Hussein Khan added. “Those who are not supporters of Osama [bin Laden] or Baitullah, even they have been forced by the indiscriminate military operation to harbour sympathies.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah runs a tight ship. Deserters are summarily executed. Even Taliban not following a tightly regulated code of conduct are summarily dealt with. Similarly, he does not tolerate opposition; according to reliable intelligence sources at least 100 Waziri tribal leaders have been purged on his orders.27&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aslam Awan, a journalist working with the jihadi publication Weekly Takbeer, mentioned setting up of a special task force in June 2007 purportedly to crack down on criminals in South Waziristan. “This force launched a number of crackdowns and made a feared kidnapper, Abdul Rashid Bakakhel, free some of his hostages. Baitullah also collected donations from the local people to establish peace. It was a kind of protection money,” Awan continued.28&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah has established his own parallel government and has set up his own judicial system wherein tribals approach him for delivery of justice rather than resorting to the federal judicial courts. Money to support this operation comes from al Qaeda and the Taliban. Baitullah uses local clerics and 20 illegal FM radio channels in FATA to enforce his writ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During times when a peace treaty is in effect, Baitullah uses the opportunity to consolidate his stronghold by giving a sense of security to the locals. This attitude can be examined in light of a local reporter’s statement: “Baitullah succeeded in establishing peace in the area. Thus, the local people started trusting him. Unfortunately, the Pakistan army failed to take action against Baitullah’s private army taking up the self-assumed responsibility without any governmental mandate for establishing law and order in the area. Pro-government and pro-US tribal people are being killed in Waziristan.”29 Sometimes death comes on the basis of hearsay and in the absence of any formal evidence, which is really alarming in any civilized country.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah’s opponents, however, blame him bitterly for the collapse of the entire legal structure, and they despise his ruthless approach towards internationally acknowledged inviolable and inalienable fundamental human rights.Tribal elements cooperating with Pakistani and US forces, considered as spies, are targeted and killed with impunity.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Notably, espionage is considered the worst possible indictment in Pashtun culture, and culprits are rarely, if ever, spared. Pro-Taliban radio stations are thriving in many agencies, and there are preponderant reports of militant camps in FATA. All this implies a gross lack of trust on part of the tribals for the government, to the point where it has taken the form of a militant movement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One unit of Baitullah’s lashkar, or private army, is tasked to kill those who support the federal government or the US and its presence in Afghanistan.30 MI Khan, a journalist with the Nida-i-Millat newspaper, described how Baitullah kills pro-government tribal leaders: “First, he would confirm that the guy is an informer and then he would send him a Rs. 1,000 note along with a thread and a needle, telling the person to buy and have his kafan [shroud] stitched within 24 hours,” MI Khan said. “And the guy is murdered within 24 hours.”31&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Additionally, there is a wave of sympathy within some Army circles for the tribals, as evidenced by some Army officers and a few Air Force pilots refusing to conduct military operations in the area. Pashtuns are the second largest ethnic group represented in Pakistan’s armed forces, and tribal affiliation with the beleaguered militants is surely pulling many of who serve in the military. This has the potential for generating a power base within the Army for Baitullah.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Evidently, differences of opinion exist, as some believe that not much has changed in the tribal areas. An officer of Frontier Constabulary holding the rank of an Army Major emphasizes: “It is a question of how you look at things. Jirga has along been a part of tribal tradition and cannot be equated with a parallel government. People&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;in tribal areas were already keeping beards. The women were already in purdah. So, you can’t say that a Taliban-like Shariat has been imposed.”32&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is imperative to contrast the rather laissez-faire variety of tribal religiosity that existed before the emergence of this phenomenon. Admittedly, the tribals did keep beards and women were in purdah, but this was more or less done out of a spirit of long-standing tribal tradition than an intense religious fervor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In essence, the pre-Taliban tribal scenario was quite different. A prime example is the number of educational institutions for women in FATA, which even though not well attended to previously, is dwindling to zero. Girls’ schools are frequently torched. The formation of an al Qaeda and Taliban-run state within a state is such an alarming development, it certainly cannot be written off as if nothing much has changed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Baitullah and the assassination of Benazir Bhutto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The assassination of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto catapulted Baitullah into the mainstream. Baitullah was a relatively unknown entity to lay Pakistanis, until an English daily newspaper in October 2007 quoted a “low-profile tribal&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;leader” who threatened to exterminate Bhutto if she returned to Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan, the founder of Pakistan’s nuclear program, was noted as saying that upon Bhutto’s triumphant return to Pakistan in October 2007, Baitullah instructed al Qaeda militants in Karachi to kill her for “three major offences against Islamists.”33 Firstly, Bhutto stated in clear terms that the Pakistani military operation regarding Lal Masjid, or the Red Mosque, in Islamabad on July 10, 2007 as justified and proportionate. The operation involved 164 Pakistani special forces commandos storming the mosque and madrassa, killing at least 20 and injuring more than 100 radicals holed up inside. Lal Masjid remains an extremely emotive issue in the Pakistani radical scene.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bhutto’s alleged second offense was engaging in a vigorous shuttle diplomacy with Washington, and probably as a corollary, she stated in unequivocal terms that if she succeeded in returning to power in Pakistan, she would allow an American search for Osama bin Laden inside Pakistan’s borders. This is anathema to extremists. Finally, she made a pre-electoral statement&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;that she would allow the International Atomic Energy Agency to question AQ Khan. Baitullah has indicated that he considers the detention of AQ Khan over alleged nuclear contraband smuggling to radical buyers to be unjustified, unsubstantiated, and an American ploy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah has denied attacking any political figures, specifically denying he had anything to do with the attack on Bhutto on Oct. 18, 2007 and her assassination little more than two months later on Dec. 27. Baitullah claimed that it is against tribal custom to kill women. Retired Lieutenant General Hameed Gul, a security analyst and a former head of the powerful Inter-Services Intelligence, maintains that there was no personal animosity towards Bhutto. “Taliban came into being during&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;her stint [as prime minister]. Her government fully supported Taliban and they too never considered her an enemy,” said the former ISI chief. “She was personally conveyed [a message] by Mehsud that he was not her enemy. She accepted that clarification that is why her party men reject the government claims about Mehsud’s involvement in her assassination.”34&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah’s claims aside, his involvement is arguably possible, since Bhutto was hoping to return to the Pakistani political scene as an icon of the war against terror riding on a perceived wave of American support.35&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is also an undeniable fact that there was a strong anti-Bhutto feeling among the militants. When a BBC reporter spoke to some of Baitullah’s men in October,36 days before the first attack against Bhutto, most regarded her as an “American pawn,”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;and some openly condemned her for belonging to the minority Muslim Shia sect,37 which makes her apostate in the eyes of many of these ultraorthodox Sunnis. Many of them are of the opinion that Bhutto got what she deserved.Some investigators maintain that extremists from radical groups such as the sectarian Lashkar-e-Jhangvi could have been responsible for the October attack, and many conspiracy theories abound regarding her assassination.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Baitullah’s lashkar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah commands a force of 20,000 to 30,000 fighters in the tribal areas of northwest Pakistan.38 A local tribal chief has put the number between 8,000 and 10,000 well-trained fighters. Roughly 2,500 to 3,000 foreign fighters, mostly of central Asian origin, are thought to be the forte of his force. With a force of this size, he is no doubt a most influential and powerful person in all of Waziristan.39&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There is evidence that the Army operations tend to get bogged down in the difficult terrain, and the extreme methods used by the militants certainly seem to send a clear message to the soldiers. In October 2007, for instance, 50 troops went missing during an operation, and the Army later confirmed casualties. However, local sources quoted by a BBC correspondent, mentioned that all 50 had been killed and their bodies burnt.40 It is not unusual to have beheaded corpse of Pakistani soldiers turning up.Baitullah is said to be the man who has masterminded most of the recent suicide attacks in the country. Without discriminating between Muslims and non-Muslims, he has dispatched suicide bombers to kill Pakistani police and soldiers in Swat, Kohat, Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, and Peshawar. A UN report released in September last year blamed Baitullah for almost 80 percent of suicide bombings in Afghanistan.41&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;According to some reports, Baitullah has compiled his own hit list of political leaders and high-profile government officials, and has formed special squads for carrying out such terrorist acts.42 They have been implicated in more than 60 suicide attacks in Pakistan over the last year, including the assassination of Bhutto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In June this year, a person from Baitullah’s native village admitted in unequivocal terms that the Taliban leader had not been credited with any victory worth the name, nor has his performance been noted in any significant gun battle or skirmish unlike Taliban leaders in Afghanistan. Yet, Baitullah has a long list of major victories to his credit, including the capture of more than 240 Pakistani soldiers last year and the capture of two important military forts in South Waziristan on Jan. 16 and 17, 2008.43&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Negotiating with the government&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There has been a consistent pattern of negotiation going on between the government and the Baitullah: there is a military operation, then negotiations, followed by a cease-fire. The cease-fire has tended to be violated by the warlord, and the intervening period is ostensibly being used to either strengthen his position or violate the terms of the peace treat by capturing security personnel or imposing his radical laws on the local populace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The government forces first entered the tribal areas in 2002 in response to reports of militancy, subsequently discarding military operations, which sustained high casualties, in favor for negotiated peace. Between March and July 2004, the government imposed a blockade on the Mehsud area of South Waziristan with extreme difficulty and protracted resistance, only to enter hasty negotiations in February 2005.44 The military at that time vacated these areas with a specific undertaking not to carry out similar operations in future. One bewildered senior government official at the time recalls having asked his bosses, “Whose compulsion is it to strike a deal, ours or the militants?”45&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;While Baitullah negotiated a peace deal with the government in February 2005, attacks on security forces were resumed in July 2005, resulting in a yet another inglorious peace deal.46 Another deal on Sept. 5, 2006, also fell apart. Each time Baitullah gets the government to agree to a cease-fire, he uses the opportunity to regroup and plan, such as for the August 2007&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;capture of 240-plus soldiers. In regard to the subsequent negotiated release of 25 militants, one senior military officer said, “This was a bitter pill that we had to swallow.”47&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The US has repeatedly voiced reservations about any further deal making, since ostensibly, this has led to the current scenario where the militants are gaining the upper hand. Owais Ahmed Ghani, the governor of the Northwest Frontier Province, has repeatedly warned of the inability of the local governments of settled districts abutting the tribal areas to combat the growing menace militancy. “The government system in settled districts and the political system in tribal regions are heading toward a state of collapse,” Ghani told a number of journalists in February 2008.48&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Baitullah’s place in Pakistan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Baitullah’s state stretches the length of FATA. The once media shy Taliban commander is very well poised to grab top spot as Pakistan’s public enemy number one, both within the country and internationally in being associated with Bhutto’s death. In addition to his lashkar, he “is now the head of all the tribes harbouring sympathies for Taliban. Tribesmen (local Taliban) from South Waziristan to Bajur agency have gathered under his flag, making him the most powerful and influential person in the tribal belt,” reported a local journalist.49&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over the past year, Baitullah has become far less reclusive and is not above flaunting his power occasionally. His operations now boast of running terror-training camps near the Afghan border, and the destruction of a suicide bombing “nursery” in Spinkai by Pakistani troops was flaunted in the media as evidence of his operational strength. Even more intriguing is the evidence that he is possession of state of the art intelligence monitoring equipment that relies on encrypted information to monitor Pakistani troop movement in real time.50 Pakistani intelligence circles have so far been unable to decrypt these signals.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;There abound many opinions about the exact role of Baitullah within the overall Pakistani paradigm. Former ISI head Gul believes Baitullah is not at war with the Army as an institution: “He is acting against only those who have been there (in tribal area) at the behest of America. Otherwise, if not his brother, I am sure his many cousins would be in Pakistan army.”&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He insists that the military interventions in the tribal area and last year’s fiasco of Red Mosque onslaught have boosted Baitullah’s popularity.51 “His only strength is a tribal system, which has given him so much power. In tribal system, everyone is your brother or cousin. So it’s very hard for a tribesman to sit idle if his brother, cousin or even fellow tribesman is fighting.” The veteran expert contends that the issue of Baitullah is being played for political reason: “This is just a hype being created by the US intelligence agencies about him to provide an excuse to their force to enter Pakistan and attack,” Gul told Islam Online.52“There is no comparison between Mehsud, and Bin Laden or Ayman Zuwahiri. He is a simple reaction or retaliation to the bombings and killings of his fellow tribesmen by Pakistan Bomb. The militants say they don’t wish to fight Pakistani security&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;forces because it only benefits the Americans.” Gul argues that Baitullah is not the first victim of such a hype campaign. “He is not the first one who is being presented as a big fish. Before him, there were Naik Muhammed, Abul Firaj Al-Libbi, Amjad Farooqi and Abdullah Mehsud,” said Gul, naming local al Qaeda chiefs killed by security forces in recent years. “It has become a trend here to make villains and then kill them.”53&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This does not make Baitullah any less dangerous nor diminish his power in the region of the world that is the breeding ground for terrorist activities against NATO forces in Afghanistan, the West in general, and for that matter, all who do not think as he does. In an interview with Al Jazeera last year, Baitullah claimed, “his ultimate aim is to attack New York City and London.”54&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7662275395996081554?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7662275395996081554/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7662275395996081554' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7662275395996081554'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7662275395996081554'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/profile-of-baitullah-mehsud.html' title='A Profile of Baitullah Mehsud'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-440913939318605908</id><published>2009-04-12T01:47:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:06:30.404+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China : Sponsors Terrorist</title><content type='html'>Afghanistan and Pakistan are inextricably linked by a spreading Islamic insurgency.&lt;br /&gt;Ambushes, daring militant offensives, and targeted assassinations have risen sharply in&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan, while suicide attacks and "Talibanization" are sweeping through Pakistan's&lt;br /&gt;settled areas at an alarming rate. Can the U.S. win a decisive victory in the Afghanistan-&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan theater? Is there a viable exit strategy?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The United States has assembled a superficially impressive international&lt;br /&gt;coalition against the threat of terrorism. Many countries in that coalition,&lt;br /&gt;however, contribute little of significance to the fight. Even worse, the willingness&lt;br /&gt;of some members of the coalition to actually combat terrorism is doubtful.&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, given their record, some of those countries appear to be part of the&lt;br /&gt;problem, not part of the solution. That concern is especially acute with respect to&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and China.&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia enlisted in the fight against terrorism only in response to intense&lt;br /&gt;pressure from the United States following the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade&lt;br /&gt;Center and the Pentagon. Even then, its cooperation has been minimal and&lt;br /&gt;grudging. For example, Riyadh has resisted Washington's requests to use its&lt;br /&gt;bases in Saudi Arabia for military operations against Osama bin Laden's terrorist&lt;br /&gt;facilities in Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;Even that belated, tepid participation is an improvement on Saudi Arabia's&lt;br /&gt;previous conduct. The U.S. government has warned that it will treat regimes that&lt;br /&gt;harbor or assist terrorist organizations the same way that it treats the&lt;br /&gt;organizations themselves. Yet if Washington is serious about that policy, it ought&lt;br /&gt;to regard Saudi Arabia as a prime sponsor of international terrorism. Indeed, that&lt;br /&gt;country should have been included for years on the U.S. State Department's&lt;br /&gt;annual list of governments guilty of sponsoring terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;The Saudi government has been the principal financial backer of Afghanistan' s&lt;br /&gt;odious Taliban movement since at least 1996. It has also channeled funds to&lt;br /&gt;Hamas and other groups that have committed terrorist acts in Israel and other&lt;br /&gt;portions of the Middle East.&lt;br /&gt;Worst of all, the Saudi monarchy has funded dubious schools and "charities"&lt;br /&gt;throughout the Islamic world. Those organizations have been hotbeds of anti-&lt;br /&gt;Western, and especially, anti-American, indoctrination. The schools, for example,&lt;br /&gt;not only indoctrinate students in a virulent and extreme form of Islam, but also&lt;br /&gt;teach them to hate secular Western values.&lt;br /&gt;They are also taught that the United States is the center of infidel power in the&lt;br /&gt;world and is the enemy of Islam. Graduates of those schools are frequently&lt;br /&gt;recruits for Bin Laden's Al-Qaeda terror network as well as other extremist&lt;br /&gt;groups.&lt;br /&gt;2&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan's guilt is nearly as great as Saudi Arabia's. Without the active support of&lt;br /&gt;the government in Islamabad, it is doubtful whether the Taliban could ever have&lt;br /&gt;come to power in Afghanistan. Pakistani authorities helped fund the militia and&lt;br /&gt;equip it with military hardware during the mid-1990s when the Taliban was&lt;br /&gt;merely one of several competing factions in Afghanistan's civil war. Only when&lt;br /&gt;the United States exerted enormous diplomatic pressure after the Sept. 11 attacks&lt;br /&gt;did Islamabad begin to sever its political and financial ties with the Taliban. Even&lt;br /&gt;now it is not certain that key members of Pakistan's intelligence service have&lt;br /&gt;repudiated their Taliban clients.&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan is not the only place where Pakistani leaders have flirted with&lt;br /&gt;terrorist clients. Pakistan has also assisted rebel forces in Kashmir even though&lt;br /&gt;those groups have committed terrorist acts against civilians. And it should be&lt;br /&gt;noted that a disproportionate number of the extremist madrasas schools funded&lt;br /&gt;by the Saudis operate in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;China's offenses have been milder and more indirect than those of Saudi Arabia&lt;br /&gt;and Pakistan. Nevertheless, Beijing's actions raise serious questions about&lt;br /&gt;whether its professed commitment to the campaign against international&lt;br /&gt;terrorism is genuine. For years, China has exported sensitive military technology&lt;br /&gt;to countries that have been sponsors of terrorism. Recipients of such sales&lt;br /&gt;include Iran, Iraq and Syria.&lt;br /&gt;Even though Chinese leaders now say that they support the U.S.-led effort against&lt;br /&gt;terrorism, there is no evidence that Beijing is prepared to end its inappropriate&lt;br /&gt;exports. At the recent APEC summit, China's President Jiang Zemin was notably&lt;br /&gt;noncommittal when President Bush sought such a commitment. Whenever the&lt;br /&gt;United States has brought up the exports issue, Chinese officials have sought to&lt;br /&gt;link a cutoff to a similar cutoff of U.S. military sales to Taiwan -- something that&lt;br /&gt;is unacceptable to Washington.&lt;br /&gt;It is time for China, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia to prove by their deeds, not just&lt;br /&gt;their words, that they are serious about contributing to the campaign against&lt;br /&gt;international terrorism. In China's case, that means ending all militarily relevant&lt;br /&gt;exports to regimes that have sponsored terrorism. In the cases of Pakistan and&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia, it means defunding terrorist organizations and the extremist&lt;br /&gt;"schools" that provide them with recruits. It also means severing ties with such&lt;br /&gt;terrorist movements as the Taliban and the Kashmiri insurgents. The world is&lt;br /&gt;watching the actions of all three countries.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-440913939318605908?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/440913939318605908/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=440913939318605908' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/440913939318605908'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/440913939318605908'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/saudi-arabia-pakistan-china-sponsors.html' title='Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China : Sponsors Terrorist'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5006714613264679215</id><published>2009-04-12T01:36:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:06:30.404+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Narco-terrorism in Afghanistan</title><content type='html'>The relation between narcotic and terrorism is generally accepted. It is supposed&lt;br /&gt;that narcotics and drugs financially support terrorism. At the same time, terrorism&lt;br /&gt;and narcotics (especially cultivating of poppy) are two major problem of&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan. Although evidences show that there is close relation between&lt;br /&gt;narcotic and terrorism and insurgency groups (Taliban), but the narcotic problem&lt;br /&gt;seems complicated in Afghanistan. There are different groups of people who&lt;br /&gt;cultivate poppy so different solutions should be held simultaneously. Therefore,&lt;br /&gt;the solution for eradication of poppy should be comprehensive and different. Thus&lt;br /&gt;I suggest some Social and Economical solutions as well as maintaining present&lt;br /&gt;policies and strategies for it.&lt;br /&gt;In Afghanistan different category of people cultivate poppy. We can classify them&lt;br /&gt;in three major groups:&lt;br /&gt;1.Terrorists and Taliban: In some insecure provinces Taliban cultivate poppy&lt;br /&gt;directly or they exploit from poppy cultivation by others. They usually increase the&lt;br /&gt;level of their attacks in order to make the situation more insecure for gathering&lt;br /&gt;their harvest. We can see the relation of narcotics with Taliban and their Terrorist&lt;br /&gt;supporters in provinces that insecurity and narcotic exist to gather, like Helmand&lt;br /&gt;province. Also in other provinces that poppy cultivation is more common, the&lt;br /&gt;insecurity and Taliban’s operation is more common as well. It clearly shows the&lt;br /&gt;tight relation between narcotic and terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;2.Warlords, drug dealers and smugglers: Because of insecurity, administrative&lt;br /&gt;corruption and three decades of war, a mafia of narcotic and illicit trade on it has&lt;br /&gt;been formed in Afghanistan in last years. These groups are a serious threat for&lt;br /&gt;1&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan’s peace and stability and some how for worlds security and stability.&lt;br /&gt;These groups similar to terrorists and Taliban are enemies of peace, rule of law&lt;br /&gt;and development in Afghanistan. Because they can take benefits extremely from&lt;br /&gt;insecure situation so they provoke every threats of security in order to do their&lt;br /&gt;dealing. They have relation with Taliban and they fight with police and National&lt;br /&gt;Army so often.&lt;br /&gt;3.Poor farmers: This group has a high dependency to poppy cultivation. Because&lt;br /&gt;of war, drought and backwardness in agriculture aspects, lots of poor farmer are&lt;br /&gt;desperate to cultivate poppy. So, they have the only choice to do so. They have&lt;br /&gt;expectation from government to support them and provide the possibilities of&lt;br /&gt;cultivating other necessary crop, for instance, they need reformed seeds of plants,&lt;br /&gt;water and marketing facilities for their products. They ask for alternative crops in&lt;br /&gt;order to abandon poppy cultivation.&lt;br /&gt;As mentioned above, the solution for eradication of poppy should be&lt;br /&gt;comprehensive and multi aspectual. The present solution that Afghanistan’s&lt;br /&gt;government has relied on is fighting against cultivating of poppy, destroying its&lt;br /&gt;farms and expanding rule of law. This is good and important solution but it is not&lt;br /&gt;always practical and useful. In some places even it can cause insurgency or at least&lt;br /&gt;raises the dissatisfaction of people from government. In addition the government&lt;br /&gt;has not the capacity to eradicate it from everywhere, therefore peoples cooperation&lt;br /&gt;is a strong necessity. Two other solutions are social and economical solution.&lt;br /&gt;Economic solution is included of helping farmers economically. It means that&lt;br /&gt;alternative crop should be replaced instead of poppy. It also means that other&lt;br /&gt;facilities should be provided for farmers including rebuilding of agriculture&lt;br /&gt;infrastructures and grant marketing for their products. The positive point of this&lt;br /&gt;solution is that we can attract people’s cooperation, something that is very&lt;br /&gt;important in present situation. It is important to take it into consideration that&lt;br /&gt;2&lt;br /&gt;alternative crops and ways of attracting people’s cooperation differs from one&lt;br /&gt;place to other. Therefore several research and communications with people is&lt;br /&gt;necessary.&lt;br /&gt;Social solution means that we rely on social powers in this campaign. If we pay&lt;br /&gt;attention to Afghanistan’s sociology, we can find that still there are tribes and&lt;br /&gt;ethnic groups. Still chief of tribes, scholars, elders of ethnic groups and even in&lt;br /&gt;some places feudal have important role in Afghanistan. No plan for removing&lt;br /&gt;narcotics can be successful, without their cooperation. Therefore it is necessary to&lt;br /&gt;think about ways to attract their cooperation. Jirga or local councils are a sample&lt;br /&gt;of gathering of these kinds of people. Government can submit authority to these&lt;br /&gt;councils and encourage them to ban poppy cultivation. This doesn’t mean that&lt;br /&gt;government should make the central government weak by empowering of several&lt;br /&gt;local powers but as a matter of fact they are very strong and parts of Afghanistan’s&lt;br /&gt;facts and customary law. It means that use them in way of peace and development.&lt;br /&gt;A sample of there decision is in southern province of Afghanistan, Paktia. Jirga of&lt;br /&gt;elders and scholars banned cooperating with Taliban and assigned a strict sanction&lt;br /&gt;for breaking of this decision that was setting on fire the wrongdoer’s dwelling. The&lt;br /&gt;result of that was a rapid reduction in cooperating with Taliban. It shows that how&lt;br /&gt;important role those people have in Afghanistan. The positive result of this&lt;br /&gt;solution is that we can make a people coalition against narcotic and when we will&lt;br /&gt;be able to make this coalition, we can talk about coalition against terrorism. This&lt;br /&gt;coalition can be the most effective weapon in destroying and removing of&lt;br /&gt;Terrorists.&lt;br /&gt;In conclusion, narcotic and terrorism is the two most serious problems of&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan that threats peace and development in country. These two problems&lt;br /&gt;are related to each other and present solutions and strategies are not successful to&lt;br /&gt;counter both problem. This failure is mostly because of not paying attention to&lt;br /&gt;different categories of people who are involved in these activities. According to&lt;br /&gt;3&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan's economical and social situation and features, economical and social&lt;br /&gt;solutions are necessary to be considered in this campaign. The firs solution&lt;br /&gt;includes economical funds in large aspect while the second includes using every&lt;br /&gt;potential social possibility in this (war) like Jirgas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually the entire system was divided between different chunks. Taliban is Producers, Dawood is Transporter and others are Dealers. Until Dawoods network is not broken the entire system will exist no matter it is from Afghanistan or From Pakistan or From Kashmir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Security agencies should understand one thing that the movement of containers is backbone of this supply. Dubai and Karachi are major key bases for all type of dealings.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5006714613264679215?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5006714613264679215/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5006714613264679215' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5006714613264679215'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5006714613264679215'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/narco-terrorism-in-afghanistan.html' title='Narco-terrorism in Afghanistan'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-4060958236244030168</id><published>2009-04-12T01:19:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:09:34.920+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='China'/><title type='text'>China : supplier of arms to banned groups</title><content type='html'>China has emerged as the main supplier of old and new small-arm weapons to terrorist&lt;br /&gt;outfits like the Tamil Tigers, the Taliban and some of the north-eastern insurgent groups,&lt;br /&gt;claims Jane’s Intelligence Review.&lt;br /&gt;What was till now in the realm of unconfirmed intelligence has come out in the open. The&lt;br /&gt;May edition of the Jane’s Intelligence Review has stated that China has replaced Thailand&lt;br /&gt;and Cambodia as the traditional sources of small-arm weapons.&lt;br /&gt;Till recently, the Asian black market of weapons was dominated by Thailand and&lt;br /&gt;Cambodia, but China has captured the market now, the leading magazine of intelligence&lt;br /&gt;has claimed.&lt;br /&gt;The latest edition has pointed out that the Chinese weapons and ammunition have played&lt;br /&gt;a decisive role in the ongoing conflict in Sri Lanka. LTTE websites display photographs&lt;br /&gt;of a range of new Chinese weaponry, including the modern 5.56 mm QBZ-95 bull pupdesign&lt;br /&gt;assault rifles that the Tamil Tigers cannot claim to have captured from the Sri&lt;br /&gt;Lankan Armed forces.&lt;br /&gt;The review says that the LTTE has not only purchased small arms from the Chinese but&lt;br /&gt;also ammunition for heavier weapons like mortars and artillery.&lt;br /&gt;But what is most disturbing is the fact that China has also been the major supplier of&lt;br /&gt;heavy and small weaponry to the Sri Lankan Armed forces. Norinco and Poly&lt;br /&gt;Technologies, Chinese state-owned arms corporations, have all along been selling&lt;br /&gt;defence related weapons to Sri Lanka.&lt;br /&gt;So much so, Sri Lankan President Rajapakse had to travel to China to plead with the&lt;br /&gt;Chinese to release more than 225 containers of arm equipment and ammunition for his&lt;br /&gt;armed forces that had been held back for non-payment of earlier supplies.&lt;br /&gt;China eventually released the supplies after Rajapakse’s intervention.&lt;br /&gt;It is interesting to note that while the Sri Lankan government has payment problems, the&lt;br /&gt;LTTE has none because it uses black market channels to make payments to the Chinese&lt;br /&gt;suppliers.&lt;br /&gt;Experts differ on the intent and objective of the Chinese establishment. While some say&lt;br /&gt;that the Chinese arms reaching insurgent groups is a black market activity, others see&lt;br /&gt;China as pursuing a more nuanced policy of arms sale that allows for covert activities in&lt;br /&gt;cases where the sale does not conform with the avowed and declared foreign policy&lt;br /&gt;goals.&lt;br /&gt;On the other side, Taliban forces in Afghanistan have also been gaining access to Chinese&lt;br /&gt;arms, the Jane’s Review points out and goes on to add that the appearance of Chinese&lt;br /&gt;HN-5 MANPADS in Taliban’s inventory is a source of concern.&lt;br /&gt;The review quotes a report of seizure of Chinese arms consignment in 2004 by a&lt;br /&gt;Bangladeshi Police sergent while being diverted to India’s northeast insurgent groups.&lt;br /&gt;The arms consignment was believed to have been loaded in Hong Kong.&lt;br /&gt;There are even disturbing reports of Chinese arms supplies to conflict zones in Africa like&lt;br /&gt;Zimbawe and Sudan, the Jane has stressed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The move of Taliban towards Kashmir and Karachi is just to secure its supply routes because near Karachi China have a Naval base and POK is directly connected to China. China is actively feeding all groups who are acting against USA and India.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-4060958236244030168?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/4060958236244030168/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=4060958236244030168' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4060958236244030168'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4060958236244030168'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/china-supplier-of-arms-to-banned-groups.html' title='China : supplier of arms to banned groups'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1010800735763335389</id><published>2009-04-10T23:47:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:09:47.422+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Countering DRONE</title><content type='html'>As we are seeing for last few months that DRONEs are hitting terrorists they are moving towards India. They are trying to shield themselves under cover of Pakistan and Pakistani people because DRONEs can not attack freely in such areas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan and India both will not allow USA to attack on their land so terrorist are shielding in these areas. Kashmir is a Area where they can nourish themselves by help of China. Second they are trying to engage US in different areas. Issue of Somalian Pirates must be related to Alquida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually Alquida is not a executor of their terrorist plans. They just hire groups who are ready to do anything for money or for some other reason. Such type of groups exist every where even you can find in US. Second they are mobilizing the local terrorist groups (Not necessarily Islamic) as per their plan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US is trying to end the war in this area within a year but I think it will take a long time and need active cooperation from all the countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If US is serious then it should monitor the movement of outdated ships. Most of the Drugs, Weapons and terrorists are transferred using such means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US must tackle Saudi Arab because this country is funding most of the Islamic activities which are some how related to terrorists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US destroyed Saddam which was the greatest mistake of history because he was the only Islamic leader who could tackle these extremist in his own way.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1010800735763335389?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1010800735763335389/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1010800735763335389' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1010800735763335389'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1010800735763335389'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/countering-drone.html' title='Countering DRONE'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-2494436257573828842</id><published>2009-04-10T09:50:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:05.951+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Jardari Plan to Control Pakistan</title><content type='html'>In last few days several things happened in Indian continent in respect to terrorism. But the center point is Mr. Jardari. Actually he facing trouble in all areas : Politics, Administration, Family and failed to find a solution.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today there is a triangle ISI, Terrorist and Mr. Jardari and this triangle is trying to initiate a war with India anyhow because this will provide them a instant remedy from their current Problems. Laskar and Taliban are key player in this plan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Second the most important reason is that Terrorist are searching a safe zone where US Drone can not freely hit them. For this purpose Kashmir in India, Attached part of China and POK is best.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Although Indian security forces are trying their best but due to Long border area they often fail to track their movement. Pakistan Army and ISI are feeding them as per their strategy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What I analyzed in respect to MUGHALISTAN plan, they are moving ahead slowly - slowly. It can be that Bangladesh based terrorists and Pakistan based Terrorists start attacking India in a concurrent move to conquer the Indian Security forces.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-2494436257573828842?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/2494436257573828842/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=2494436257573828842' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2494436257573828842'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2494436257573828842'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/jardari-plan-to-control-pakistan.html' title='Jardari Plan to Control Pakistan'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-757022114817734056</id><published>2009-04-04T18:37:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:05.951+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>LESSON FROM PAKISTAN</title><content type='html'>On March 12, 1930 Gandhi marched to Dandhi - stopping in forty plus villages - and speaking about swaraj and breaking the salt laws to show their inhumanity. Satyagraha is definitely at the heart of the nonviolent demand for the restoration of the Supreme Court deposed on Nov. 3, 2007 by Pervez Musharraf and specifically Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry on March 9, 2007.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Much has happened since then. Benazir Bhutto's return in October 2007 and her assassination in December 2007. The elections in February 2008 brought to power a new coalition of Pakistan People's Party to power with the swashbuckling widow Zardari taking over as President. A basic campaign promise was to solve the judicial crisis and reinstate the Supreme Court of '07.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;None of the promises have been kept. Instead, the PPP regime has used the Dogar Supreme Court (cronies put in place by Musharraf) to throw out the opponent political party PML-N out of power in Punjab and restrict Nawaz Sharif and Shahbaz Sharif from electoral politics.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Long March of March 12, 2009, leading up to a sit-in at the capital on March 16th, is the only way that the people of Pakistan can produce pressure on the civilian and military regime to pay attention to justice, to accountability and to democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;LESSON TO WORLD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think this incident was not noticed in a right perspective. No matter who you are but if if you are a democratic human being then you must support it. Its a sign that still common men are super power and having capability to defeat any one - nation, group or other.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;All the corrupt politicians, leaders, criminals must understand its importance that either change yourself or be ready to demolished. I would like to congratulate the Pakistani Awam, Mr. Nawaj and Lawyers for their willpower and fight.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Generally Lawyers are called as corrupt community but this time they proved that they are able to lead the people. Hope this march will not stop until Pakistan is free from Terrorist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;LESSON TO WORLD&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hope we Indians will learn a lesson fro this march and try to eliminate all corrupt politicians, criminals and bureaucrats.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-757022114817734056?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/757022114817734056/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=757022114817734056' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/757022114817734056'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/757022114817734056'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/lesson-from-pakistan.html' title='LESSON FROM PAKISTAN'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7573261258271992740</id><published>2009-04-01T12:28:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>What RAW Need</title><content type='html'>This is a question which must be asked to Mr. Verma by our Government because in last few years RAW suffered most. Its entire image was broken by act of its few officer for whom this is a place of passing time and visiting abroad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. RAW should be re organized and its own cadre should be reinforced because this is backbone of this organization.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. There should be a clear boundary between RAW and IB because their conflict hurts India most.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. In last few years several RAW officers were caught in unjustified activities and due to Identity leak more that hundreds of its agents were killed. This should be investigated.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Most of the Ex RAW officers do not devote their network for country rather they keep secret to visit overseas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. The RAW fund should be audited and must be responsibility towards their use because this leads a corrupt cadre in RAW.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Political instability and weak government had provided an opportunity to RAW to act as King of India and they tried to manipulate the governments decision.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Several RAW officers had earned a huge amount of money and deposited in Swiss Banks.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Actually RAW is much more inspired by CIA and hence the all the bad things of CIA are in RAW and in more dangerous form.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. The previous RAW chief was Nepal's expert but each and every time India was defeated either it was case of Maoist or King's Killing or manipulating new Nepali government as per Indian requirement.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. RAW and IB always tried to bluff the nation and tried to hide the truth. Today India was surrounded by 10 - 12 Chinese naval bases in Indian Ocean some are very close.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. The Maldive which was saved by India permitted china to build a naval base. Is it not a failure.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. In last few years many RAW officers were Identified by Media and Other agencies.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13. Hope new chief will understand the ground truth and act in favor of India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14. Its a toughest time in Indian History and we can just wish and hope that after election a strong, self dependent, educated person will take charge as PM neither only GOD can save us.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15. As new chief belongs to IB so there is a possibility that there may be a conflict between RAW and IB groups.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7573261258271992740?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7573261258271992740/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7573261258271992740' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7573261258271992740'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7573261258271992740'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/04/what-raw-need.html' title='What RAW Need'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1354765672235434423</id><published>2009-03-30T11:34:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:05.951+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Terror strike at Lahore police centre: 25 dead, 200 injured</title><content type='html'>Lahore, March 30 At least 20 police trainees were killed and about 200 injured when a group of 15 - 20 militants attacked a police training academy here Monday and took dozens of men hostage, media reports said.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;The incident took place between 7 and 8 a.m. as trainees were participating in their morning parade.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The police remain locked in gun-battles with the attackers who remain hidden inside various buildings within the police complex.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Interior advisor Rehman Malik said security put on high alert across the country and more contingents of Rangers have been sent to Manawan.In an exclusive chat with Geo News, Malik said jihadi outfits and foreign element could involve in the attack. Today’s incident is part of terror wave exists in the country which begun from NWFP. This is an attack against country’s sovereignty.&lt;/p&gt;Attackers fired on police helicopters hovering over police training centre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Conclusion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. What I am saying for last few months came to true that Militants used the movement of Pakistan army as a cover to spread themselves in allover Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Pakistan and Afghanistan became a playground of few nations and its a bad signal for India because the country who will suffer most is India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. CIA (US) wants a weak leader under their control, China wants a weak leader under his control, Russia wants a weak leader under his control.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. But a strong Pakistan will be fruitful for India no matter it is Led by Mr. Shariff or Mr. Bilawal Bhutto or by Pakistan army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. History proves that a Unstable Pakistan was more harmful to India as compared to strong Pakistani leadership.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Few of Pakistani blame India for such attacks but I want to assure that we believe in Peace, any how.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Our Interest is only to secure our self under any threat.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. We will not start a war but If it starts then we assure that we will end this. No matter its a Proxy war or Direct war.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. So please live and let live.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1354765672235434423?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1354765672235434423/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1354765672235434423' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1354765672235434423'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1354765672235434423'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/terror-strike-at-lahore-police-centre.html' title='Terror strike at Lahore police centre: 25 dead, 200 injured'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-8626742155124960666</id><published>2009-03-29T12:38:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:09:47.422+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='China'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Nuclear Weapon'/><title type='text'>Key Accidents Involving Nuclear Weapons by World Leaders</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt; The twenty-three accidents listed below involving U.S., Soviet, and Russian nuclear weapons or nuclear-armed ships and submarines are some of the more serious nuclear accidents to befall U.S. and Soviet nuclear forces. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; As a result of accidents, some 51 nuclear warheads were lost into sea (44 Soviet and 7 U.S.  However, at least one Soviet warhead was recovered).  Also, seven nuclear reactors (5 Soviet and 2 U.S.) from three Soviet and two U.S. nuclear-powered submarines have been lost at sea due to accidents.  Another 19 nuclear reactors from nuclear-powered vessels have been deliberately dumped at sea (18 Soviet and 1 U.S.). &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The U.S. Navy is known to have experienced at least 380 nuclear weapons incidents, but the details are not known.  It assumed that other countries with nuclear weapons have had similar nuclear weapons accidents or incidents, but official secrecy means that no information is available. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; The nuclear nations' operational arsenals contain over 21,000 nuclear weapons.  Their militaries still retain hundreds of nuclear-armed launchers and nuclear-capable military units.  The threat of a serious nuclear weapons accident has not disappeared with the end of the Cold War.  This is particularly the case where the arms race remains the most active:  at sea where nuclear-armed and nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines still go on regular patrols at levels that have not changed much if at all from the height of the Cold War. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; If history is a guide, nuclear weapons safety probably has been a problem for the non-declared nuclear powers like India and Israel and for other countries that have had or do have incipient nuclear weapons programs.  The experience of the U.S. and the Soviet Union suggests not only are nuclear arsenals extraordinarily expensive but they also come with serious safety, health, and environmental costs.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. &lt;b&gt;11 APRIL 1950&lt;/b&gt;:  Shortly after departing Kirtland Air Force Base (AFB) in New Mexico, a U.S. B-29 bomber carrying a nuclear bomb crashed into a mountain.  The bomb was destroyed but its nuclear capsule with the fissile materials, which was also on board the aircraft, had not been inserted for safety reasons. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 2. &lt;b&gt;10 MARCH 1956&lt;/b&gt;:  A U.S. Air Force B-47 bomber carrying two capsules of nuclear materials for nuclear bombs, en route from MacDill AFB, Florida, to Europe, failed to meet its aerial refueling plane over the Mediterranean Sea.  An extensive search failed to locate any traces of the missing aircraft or crew. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 3.  &lt;b&gt;27 JULY 1956&lt;/b&gt;:  During a routine deployment to England, a U.S. B-47 bomber skidded and slid off a runway at Lakenheath Royal Air Force (RAF) Base.  The plane burst into flames and crashed into a nuclear bomb storage igloo in which there were three Mark 6 nuclear bombs.  The bombs did not explode. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 4. &lt;b&gt; 18 AUGUST 1959&lt;/b&gt;:  A helicopter engine exploded on board the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CVS-18) which was operating 250 miles off Norfolk, Virginia.  As fires raged, the ship's crew prepared to flood the nuclear weapons magazine, but after more than two hours the fires were brought under control. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 5.  &lt;b&gt;4 JUNE 1962&lt;/b&gt;:  A nuclear test device atop a U.S. Thor rocket booster fell into the Pacific Ocean near Johnston Island after the rocket had to be destroyed.  The test was part of the U.S.'s first high altitude atmospheric nuclear test attempt. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 6.  &lt;b&gt;20 JUNE 1962&lt;/b&gt;:  A second attempt to detonate a nuclear device in the atmosphere failed when a Thor booster was destroyed over Johnston Island.  The nuclear device fell into the Pacific Ocean. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 7.  &lt;b&gt;5 DECEMBER 1965&lt;/b&gt;:  While the U.S. aircraft carrier USS Ticonderoga (CVA-14) steamed en route from bombing operations off Vietnam to the U.S. Navy base at Yokosuka, Japan, an A-4E attack jet loaded with a B-43 thermonuclear bomb rolled off the Number 2 elevator, and sank in 16,000 feet of water.  The aircraft carrier was positioned about 70 miles from the Ryuku Islands and about 200 miles east of Okinawa.  The bomb, aircraft and pilot were not recovered. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 8.  &lt;b&gt;17 JANUARY 1966&lt;/b&gt;:  A collision occurred between a U.S. B-52 nuclear bomber and a KC-135 tanker aircraft while over the village of Palomares in southern Spain.  The B-52 was on an airborne alert operation and carried four B-28 thermonuclear bombs.  In the collision, the KC-135 exploded and caused the B-52 to break up, scattering wreckage over a 100 square mile area.  One of the four nuclear bombs landed relatively intact, while the high explosives in two other bombs detonated upon impact with the ground scattering radioactive materials over the village and surrounding area.  The fourth bomb fell into the sea and was recovered intact three months later after an extensive underwater search. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 9. &lt;b&gt; 21 JANUARY 1968&lt;/b&gt;:  A U.S. B-52G nuclear bomber crashed on the ice seven miles west of Thule Air Base in northern Greenland.  The aircraft was on a airborne alert flight and carried four B-28 thermonuclear bombs.  Upon impact with the ice the bomber exploded and all four nuclear bombs were destroyed, scattering radioactive materials over a large area. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 10.  &lt;b&gt;8-10 MARCH 1968&lt;/b&gt;:  The K-219, a Soviet Golf II class (Project 629M) diesel-powered ballistic missile submarine armed with three nuclear SS-N-5 missiles, sank in the Pacific, about 750 miles northwest of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii.  The submarine possibly also carried two nuclear torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 11.  &lt;b&gt;27 MAY 1968&lt;/b&gt;:  The U.S. nuclear-powered submarine USS Scorpion (SSN-589) sank about 400 miles southwest of the Azores, killing all 99 men on board.  The submarine was powered by one nuclear reactor and carried two nuclear-armed ASTOR torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 12.  &lt;b&gt;12 APRIL 1970&lt;/b&gt;:  The K-8, a Soviet November class (Project 627A) nuclear-powered attack submarine, sank in the Atlantic Ocean 300 miles northwest of Spain.  The submarine was powered by two nuclear reactors and carried two nuclear torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 13. &lt;b&gt; 29 NOVEMBER 1970&lt;/b&gt;:  A fire broke out in the stern of the U.S. Navy submarine tender USS Canopus (AS-34) while it was at the Holy Loch submarine base in Scotland.  The tender carried several nuclear-armed missiles and two U.S. nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines were moored alongside.  It took four hours to bring the fire under control and three men were killed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 14.  &lt;b&gt;22 NOVEMBER 1975&lt;/b&gt;:  The U.S. aircraft carrier USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) collided with the cruiser USS Belknap (CG-26) in rough seas at night during air exercises in the Mediterranean Sea off Sicily.  The collision caused major fires and explosions, and the commander of Carrier Striking Force for the Sixth Fleet issued a "Broken Arrow" message -- at top secret communication about a nuclear weapons accident -- warning of a "high probability that nuclear weapons on the USS Belknap were involved in fire and explosions."  Eventually, the nuclear weapons barely escaped destruction as the fire was contained just feet from the forward weapons magazine. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 15.  &lt;b&gt;16 APRIL 1976&lt;/b&gt;:  The cruiser USS Albany (CG-10) experienced a nuclear weapons incident -- known as a "Dull Sword" -- when a TALOS anti-air missile's nuclear warhead was damaged. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 16. &lt;b&gt;8 SEPTEMBER 1977&lt;/b&gt;:  The K-171, a Soviet Delta I (Project 667B) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, accidently jettisoned a nuclear warhead near Kamchatka in the Pacific Ocean after a build-up of pressure in a missile launch tube.  After a search, the warhead was recovered. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 17.  &lt;b&gt;18-19 SEPTEMBER 1980&lt;/b&gt;:  A fire and explosion in a U.S. Titan II missile silo near Little Rock, Arkansas, blew off the silo door and catapulted the missile's 9 megaton yield warhead into the air.  It landed over a 1,000 feet from the silo, but it was only slightly damaged. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 18. &lt;b&gt;9 APRIL 1981&lt;/b&gt;:  The U.S. nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine USS George Washington (SSBN-598) collided with a Japanese freighter in the East China Sea.  The freighter sank and the submarine suffered slight damage to its sail.  The submarine probably carried a total of 160 nuclear warheads on its 16 Poseidon C3 missiles. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 19. &lt;b&gt; 21 MARCH 1984&lt;/b&gt;:  The U.S. aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63) collided with a Soviet nuclear-powered Victor class (Project 671) attack submarine in the Sea of Japan.  At the time of the collision, the USS Kitty Hawk is estimated to have carried several dozen nuclear weapons, and the submarine probably carried two nuclear torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 20. &lt;b&gt; 6 OCTOBER 1986&lt;/b&gt;:  The K-219, a Soviet Yankee class (Project 667A) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine armed with 16 SS-N-6 missiles (two warheads each) and probably also two nuclear torpedoes, sank 600 miles northeast of Bermuda.  It was powered by two nuclear reactors and 34 nuclear warheads were estimated to be on board. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 21. &lt;b&gt; 7 APRIL 1989&lt;/b&gt;:  The K-278 Komsomolets, the Soviet Mike class (Project 685) nuclear-powered attack submarine, sank off northern Norway following on board fires and explosions.  The submarine was powered by one nuclear reactor and carried two nuclear torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 22.  &lt;b&gt;27 SEPTEMBER 1991&lt;/b&gt;:  A missile misfired aboard a Soviet Typhoon class (Project 941) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine in the White Sea during a training exercise.  Fortunately, the submarine was able to return to base, but the accident could have sunk the submarine, along with its two nuclear reactors and nuclear-armed missiles and torpedoes. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; 23.  &lt;b&gt;20 MARCH 1993&lt;/b&gt;:  A Russian Delta III class (Project 667BDR) nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine is struck by the U.S. nuclear-powered attack submarine USS Grayling (SSN-646) while operating in the Barents Sea close to the Kola Peninsula.  The submarine suffered slight damage and was able to return to base, but the collision could have sunk the Delta submarine including its 16 SS-N-18 nuclear armed missiles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;, What this number shows that the most critical nuclear threat is from Developed nations. No matter Where you are, you must be surviving under a nuclear threat either from US or from Russia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reports show that US, Russia and China had probably deployed Satellite nuclear warheads in Space and they have capability to hit any part of the world. China's test to destroy a satellite in space was part of that project. Today every one is in hurry to acquire more destructive capability without thinking that same could also hit you. Today its very difficult to believe my words but just wait 5-10 years you must see its live demo. Actually cyber warfare will act as a base for above mentioned scenario.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For example UK is using Windows based system to manage its few of submarin. We know that Windows is one of the most virus prone OS. So one day we can see that a hackers hack a UK submarine and fired its nuclear warheads on UK. You may laugh but it may be.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-8626742155124960666?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/8626742155124960666/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=8626742155124960666' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8626742155124960666'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8626742155124960666'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/key-accidents-involving-nuclear-weapons.html' title='Key Accidents Involving Nuclear Weapons by World Leaders'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5137948691249879981</id><published>2009-03-29T12:15:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:51.420+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>THE NSA'S MISSION AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE OPERATION</title><content type='html'>&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Communications Intelligence (COMINT)     &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Blanket coverage of all electronic communications in the US and      the world to ensure national security. The NSA at Ft Meade,      Maryland has had the most advanced computers in the world since      the early 1960s. NSA technology is developed and implemented in      secret from private corporations, academia and the general      public.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Signals Intelligence (SICINT)&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    The Signals Intelligence mission of the &lt;b&gt;NSA&lt;/b&gt; has evolved into a      program of decoding EMF waves in the environment for wirelessly      tapping into computers and track persons with the electrical      currents in their bodies. Signals Intelligence is based on fact      that everything in the environment with an electric current in      it has a magnetic flux around it which gives off EMF waves. The      &lt;b&gt;NSA/DoD&lt;/b&gt; [Department of Defense] developed proprietary advanced      digital equipment which can remotely analyze all objects whether      manmade or organic, that have electrical activity.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Domestic Intelligence (DOMINT)     &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    The &lt;b&gt;NSA&lt;/b&gt; has records on all US citizens. The NSA gathers      information on US citizen who might be of interest to any of the      over &lt;u&gt;50,000 NSA agents&lt;/u&gt; (&lt;b&gt;HUMINT&lt;/b&gt;). These agents are authorized by      executive order to spy on anyone. The NSA has a permanent      national security anti-terrorist surveillance network in place.      This surveillance network is completely disguised and hidden      from the public. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    Tracking individuals in the US is easily and cost-effectively      implemented with NSA's electronic surveillance network. This      network (&lt;u&gt;DOMINT&lt;/u&gt;) covers the entire US, involves tens of      thousands of NSA personnel, and tracks millions of persons      simultaneously . Cost-effective implementation of operations is      assured by NSA computer technology designed to minimize      operations costs. NSA personnel serve in quasi-public positions      in their communities and run cover businesses and legitimate      businesses that can inform the intelligence community of persons      they would want to track. NSA personnel in the community usually      have cover identities such as social workers, lawyers and      business owners.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Individual Citizens Occasionally      Targeted for Surveillance by Independently Operating NSA      Personnel&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;u&gt;NSA personnel&lt;/u&gt; can control the lives of hundreds of thousands of      individuals in the US by using the NSA's domestic intelligence      network and cover businesses. The operations independently run      by them can sometimes go beyond the bounds of law. Long-term      control and sabotage of tens of thousands of unwitting citizens      by NSA operatives is likely to happen. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;NSA DOMINT&lt;/i&gt; has the      ability to assassinate US citizens covertly or &lt;u&gt;run covert      psychological control operations&lt;/u&gt; to cause subjects to be      diagnosed with ill mental health. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.raven1.net/"&gt;    &lt;img src="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_ciencia/scalartech12_01.gif" vspace="10" width="500" border="0" height="711" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;        &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;The above symptoms     highlight a fraction of the vast array of&lt;br /&gt;   Neuro-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults perpetuated by the Police     and&lt;br /&gt;   Military Intelligence Agencies toward&lt;br /&gt;   Remote Mind Control Experiments, Behavioral Manipulation and     Murder. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;As of the early 1960s, the most advanced computers in the world were     at the &lt;b&gt;NSA&lt;/b&gt;, Ft Meade. Research breakthroughs with these computers     were kept for the NSA. At the present time the NSA has     nanotechnology computers that are 15 years ahead of present computer     technology. The NSA obtains blanket coverage of information in the     US by using advanced computers that use artificial intelligence to     screen all communications, regardless of medium, for key words that     should be brought to the attention of NSA agents/cryptologists.    &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;These computers monitor all     communications at the transmitting and receiving ends. This blanket     coverage of the US is a result of the &lt;i&gt;NSA's Signals Intelligence&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;b&gt;SIGINT&lt;/b&gt;)     mission. The NSA's electronic surveillance network is based on a     cellular arrangement of devices that can monitor the entire EMF     (electromagnetic frequency)     spectrum. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;This equipment was developed, implemented and kept secret     in the same manner as other electronic warfare programs. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Signals Intelligence Remote      Computer Tampering&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    The NSA keeps track of &lt;u&gt;all PCs&lt;/u&gt; and other computers sold in the      US. This is an integral part of the Domestic Intelligence      network. The NSA's EMF equipment can tune in &lt;b&gt;RF&lt;/b&gt; (remote      frequency) emissions from      personal computer circuit boards (while filtering out emissions      from monitors and power sup- plies). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;The RF emission from PC      circuit boards contains digital information in the PC. Coded RF      waves from the NSA's equipment can resonate PC circuits and      change data in the PCs. Thus the NSA can gain wireless      modem-style entry into any computer in the country for      surveillance or anti-terrorist electronic warfare.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Detecting EMF Fields in Humans      for Surveillance&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;    A subject's bioelectric field can be remotely detected, so      subjects can be monitored anywhere they are. With special &lt;b&gt;EMF&lt;/b&gt;      equipment &lt;u&gt;NSA cryptologists&lt;/u&gt; can remotely read evoked potentials      (from EEGs). These can be decoded into a person's brain-states      and thoughts. The subject is then perfectly monitored from a      distance. NSA personnel can dial up any individual in the      country on the Signals Intelligence EMF scanning network and the      NSA's computers will then pinpoint and &lt;u&gt;track that person 24      hours a day&lt;/u&gt;.      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt; &lt;/p&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;The &lt;b&gt;NSA&lt;/b&gt; can pick out and track anyone in the US.     &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;img src="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_ciencia/scalartech12_02.gif" width="575" border="0" height="373" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NSA Signals Intelligence&lt;/b&gt; uses &lt;i&gt;EMF Brain Stimulation&lt;/i&gt; for     &lt;i&gt;Remote     Neural Monitoring&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;b&gt;RNM&lt;/b&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;Electronic Brain Link&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;b&gt;EBL&lt;/b&gt;). EMF Brain     Stimulation has been in development since the     &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/sociopolitica/esp_sociopol_mindcon02.htm"&gt;    &lt;span style="color:#0000dd;"&gt;MKULTRA program&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; of the     early 1950s, which included neurological research into radiation     (non-ionizing EMF) and bioelectric research and development. &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;The     resulting secret technology is categorized at the National Security     Archives as "&lt;i&gt;Radiation Intelligence&lt;/i&gt;", defined as,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;blockquote&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;"information from unintentionally      emanated electromagnetic waves in the environment, not including      radioactivity or nuclear detonation". &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;/blockquote&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;u&gt;Signals Intelligence&lt;/u&gt; implemented and     kept this technology secret in the same manner as other electronic     warfare programs of the US Government. The NSA monitors available     information about this technology and withholds scientific research     from the public. There are also international intelligence     agreements to keep this technology secret.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   The NSA has proprietary electronic equipment that analyze electrical     activity in humans from a distance. NSA computer generated brain     mapping can continuously monitor all of the electrical activity in     the brain continuously. The NSA records and decode individual brain     maps (of hundreds of thousands of persons) for national security     purposes. EMF Brain Stimulation is also secretly used by the     military for brain-to-computer link (in military fighter aircraft,     for example).&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   For electronic surveillance purposes, electrical activity in the     speech center of the brain can be translated into the subject's     verbal thoughts. RNM can send encoded signals to the brain's     auditory cortex, thus allowing audio communications direct to the     brain (bypassing the ears). NSA operatives can use this covertly to     debilitate subjects by simulating auditory hallucinations     characteristic of paranoid schizophrenia.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   Without any contact with the subject, &lt;u&gt;Remote Neural Monitoring&lt;/u&gt; can     map out electrical activity from the visual cortex of a subject's     brain and show images from the subject's brain on a video monitor.    NSA operatives see what the surveillance subject's eyes are seeing.     Visual memory can also be seen. &lt;u&gt;RNM&lt;/u&gt; can send images direct to the     visual cortex, bypassing the eyes and optic nerves. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;NSA operatives     can use this surreptitiously to put images into a surveillance     subject's brain while they are in REM sleep for brain-programming     purposes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Capabilities of NSA Operatives      Using RNM&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    There has been a Signals Intelligence network in the US since      the 1940s. The NSA, Ft Meade has in place a vast two-way      wireless RNM system which is used to track subjects and      non-invasively monitor audio-visual information in their brains.      This is all done with no physical contact with the subject. &lt;u&gt;RNM      is the ultimate method of surveillance and domestic      intelligence&lt;/u&gt;. Speech, 3D sound and subliminal audio can be sent      to the auditory cortex of the subject's brain (bypassing the      ears), and images can be sent into the visual cortex. RNM can      alter a subject's perceptions, moods and motor control.&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    Speech cortex/auditory cortex link has become the ultimate      communications system for the intelligence community. RNM allows      for a complete audio-visual brain-to-brain link or brain-to-computer link. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20040405081830/http:/members.tripod.com/mdars/meth/meth.htm"&gt;    &lt;img src="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_ciencia/scalartech12_03.gif" vspace="10" width="500" border="0" height="273" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The above is a simple     flowchart of Nuero-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;showing methods that     can be perpetuated by the Police and Military Intelligence Agencies    &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;toward Remote Mind     Control Experiments, Behavioural Manipulation and Murder. &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;NSA SIGINT&lt;/b&gt; can remotely detect, identify     and monitor a person's bioelectric fields.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   The NSA's Signals Intelligence has the proprietary ability to     monitor remotely and non-invasively information in the human brain     by digitally decoding the evoked potentials in the 30-50 Hz, 5 milliwatt electromagnetic emissions from the brain.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   Neuronal activity in the brain creates a shifting electrical pattern     that has a shifting magnetic flux. This magnetic flux puts out a     constant 30-50 Hz, 5 milliwatt electromagnetic (EMF) wave. Contained     in the electromagnetic emission from the brain are spikes and     patterns called "evoked potentials". Every thought, reaction, motor     command, auditory event and visual image in the brain has a     corresponding "evoked potential" or set of "evoked potentials". The     EMF emission from the brain can be decoded into the current     thoughts, images and sounds in the subject's brain.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   NSA SIGINT uses EMF-transmitted Brain Stimulation as a     communications system to transmit information (as well as nervous     system messages) to intelligence agents and also to transmit to the     brains of covert operations subjects (on a non-perceptible level).    &lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   EMF Brain Stimulation works by sending a complexly coded and pulsed     electromagnetic signal to trigger evoked potentials (events) in the     brain, thereby forming sound and visual images in the brain's neural     circuits. EMF Brain Stimulation can also change a person's     brain-states and affect motor control.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   Two-way electronic Brain Link is done by remotely monitoring neural     audio-visual information while transmitting sound to the auditory     cortex (bypassing the ears) and transmitting faint images to the     visual cortex (bypassing the optic nerves and eyes). The images     appear as floating 2D screens in the brain.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   Two-way electronic Brain Link has become the ultimate communications     system for CIA/NSA personnel. Remote neural monitoring (&lt;b&gt;RNM&lt;/b&gt;,     &lt;u&gt;remotely monitoring bioelectric information in the human brain&lt;/u&gt;) has     become the ultimate surveillance system. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;It is used by a limited     number of agents in the US Intelligence Community. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.raven1.net/"&gt;    &lt;img src="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_ciencia/scalartech12_04.gif" vspace="10" width="500" border="0" height="370" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;The above is a simple     flowchart of Nuero-Electromagnetic Frequency Assaults &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;showing methods that     can be perpetuated by the Police and Military Intelligence Agencies     toward&lt;br /&gt;   Remote Mind Control Experiments, Behavioural Manipulation and     Murder.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;RNM requires decoding the resonance frequency of each specific brain     area. That frequency is then modulated in order to impose     information in that specific brain area. The frequency to which the     various brain areas respond varies from 3 Hz to 50 Hz. Only &lt;u&gt;NSA     Signals Intelligence&lt;/u&gt; modulates signals in this frequency band. (See     &lt;i&gt;Table 1&lt;/i&gt; below) &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;This modulated information can be put     into the brain at varying intensities from subliminal to     perceptible. Each person's brain has a unique set of bioelectric     resonance/entrainment frequencies. Sending audio information to a     person's brain at the frequency of another person's auditory cortex     would result in that audio information not being perceived.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   The Plaintiff learned of RNM by being in two-way RNM contact with     the Kinnecome group at the NSA, Ft Meade.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   They used &lt;u&gt;RNM 3D sound&lt;/u&gt; direct to the brain to harass the Plaintiff     from October 1990 to May 1991.&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   As of 5/91 they have had two-way RNM communications with the     Plaintiff and have used RNM to attempt to incapacitate the Plaintiff     and hinder the Plaintiff from going to the authorities about their     activities against the Plaintiff in the last 12 years. The &lt;u&gt;Kinnecome     group&lt;/u&gt; has about 100 persons working 24 hours a day at Ft Meade. They     have also brain-tapped persons the Plaintiff is in contact with to     keep the Plaintiff isolated. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;This is the first time ever that a     private citizen has been harassed with RNM and has been able to     bring a &lt;u&gt;lawsuit&lt;/u&gt; against NSA personnel misusing this intelligence     operations method.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;    &lt;a target="_blank" href="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_echelon.htm"&gt;    &lt;img src="http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/imagenes_ciencia/scalartech12_05.gif" vspace="10" width="500" border="0" height="381" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;color:#b50400;"&gt;NSA     TECHNIQUES AND RESOURCES &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;   Remote monitoring/tracking of individuals in any location, inside     any building, continuously, anywhere in the country.     &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;    &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;A system for     inexpensive implementation of these operations allows for thousands     of persons in every community to be spied on constantly by the &lt;u&gt;NSA&lt;/u&gt;.    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Remote RNM Devices&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;u&gt;NSA's RNM equipment&lt;/u&gt; remotely reads the evoked potentials (&lt;b&gt;EEGs&lt;/b&gt;)      of the human brain for tracking individuals, and can send      messages through the nervous systems to affect their      performance. RNM can electronically identify individuals and      track them anywhere in the US. This equipment is on a network      and is used for domestic intelligence operations, government      security and military base security, and in case of bioelectric      warfare.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Spotters and Walk-Bys in      Metropolitan Areas&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    Tens of thousands of persons in each area working as spotters      and neighbourhood/business place spies (sometimes unwittingly)      following and checking on subjects who have been identified for      &lt;u&gt;covert control by NSA personnel&lt;/u&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    Agents working out of offices can be in constant communication      with spotters who are keeping track of the NSA's thousands of      subjects in public. &lt;u&gt;NSA agents&lt;/u&gt; in remote offices can instantly      identify (using~ RNM) any individual spotted in public who is in      contact with surveillance subject.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Chemicals and Drugs into      Residential Buildings with Hidden NSA Installed and Maintained      Plastic Plumbing lines.&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    The &lt;u&gt;NSA&lt;/u&gt; has kits for running lines into residential tap water      and air ducts of subjects for the delivery of drugs (such as      sleeping gas or brainwashing-aiding drugs). This is an outgrowth      of &lt;u&gt;CIA pharmapsychology&lt;/u&gt; (psychopharmacology).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;     &lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="left"&gt;     &lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;Brief Overview of Proprietary US      Intelligence/Anti-Terrorist Equipment Mentioned&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    Fixed network of special EMF equipment that can read &lt;u&gt;EEGs&lt;/u&gt; in      human brains and identify/track individuals by using digital      computers. &lt;b&gt;ESB&lt;/b&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Electrical Stimulation to the Brain&lt;/i&gt;) via EMF      signal from the &lt;u&gt;NSA Signals Intelligence&lt;/u&gt; is used to control      subjects.&lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;    EMF equipment that gathers information from PC circuit boards by      deciphering RF emissions, thereby gaining wireless modem-style      entry into any personal computer in the country. All equipment      hidden, all technology secret, all scientific research      unreported (as in electronic warfare research). Not known to the      public at all, yet complete and thorough implementation of this      method of domestic intelligence has been in place since the      early 1980s.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:78%;color:#b50400;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style="margin: 0pt 2px 0pt 6px;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5137948691249879981?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5137948691249879981/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5137948691249879981' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5137948691249879981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5137948691249879981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/nsas-mission-and-domestic-intelligence.html' title='THE NSA&apos;S MISSION AND DOMESTIC INTELLIGENCE OPERATION'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-2941990099621526433</id><published>2009-03-29T11:54:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>New Estimates of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile, 2007 and 2012</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;The Bush administration declared in June 2004 that the U.S. nuclear stockpile will be cut "nearly in half" by 2012. The exact numbers are classified, but based on our knowledge about the current stockpile and future force structure plans we estimate that the total number of warheads will decline from approximately 9938 today to 5047 by the end of 2012.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;There are three categories of warheads that must be counted; active deployed, active non-deployed and inactive. Active deployed warheads are those on fielded systems such as ICBMs, SLBMs, and bomber and fighter bomber weapons. Active non-deployed warheads are the usual number of spares plus what has been referred to as "responsive" warheads, i.e., those warheads that could be returned to the field quickly to increase the number of deployed warheads. All active warheads are filled with limited life (i.e., tritium) components and maintained through regular surveillance schedules. Inactive warheads are still intact but have had their tritium removed and thus it would take longer to return them to service, if a decision were made to do so.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Finally there are warheads that have been removed from active service (the stockpile) and are in the process of being fully retired. Warheads stored in weapon bunkers at military bases are in DOD custody until they are handed over to DOE and sent to Pantex outside of Amarillo, Texas, for dismantlement. Over the coming years this category will increase to a sizable number of almost 5,000 warheads. Pantex's priority is not dismantlement but life-extension of active warheads, however, so dismantling the retired warheads will not be completed by 2012 but take another decade under current plans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;The types of warheads in the stockpile will be reduced from 15 different versions of nine basic types of warheads today, to an estimated 12 different versions of seven basic types in 2012.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Of the 5047 warheads we estimate will be left in the stockpile by 2012, most will not be counted under the provisions of the 2002 SORT agreement between the United States and Russia. Because the agreement only counts "operationally deployed strategic warheads," only 2192 warheads will be counted while another 2855 will be excluded.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;The estimate for 2012 is based on statements about force structure plans made by government officials, and assumptions made by us about warhead retirements that are necessary to meet the declared force limits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table width="530" border="1" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr valign="top"&gt;&lt;td colspan="8" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Estimates of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile, 2007 and 2012&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;     &lt;td rowspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Warhead Type&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td colspan="3" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2007&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td colspan="3" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;End 2012&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td rowspan="2" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Warheads to be Dismantled&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Active Deployed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Responsive/ Inactive*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt; Total &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Active Deployed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;Responsive/ Inactive*&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td valign="bottom" align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt; Total &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;       &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B61-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;186&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;386&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;136&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;       &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B61-4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;204&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;404&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;250&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;154&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt;      &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B61-7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;215&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;224&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;439&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;120&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;420&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B61-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;206&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B61-11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W62&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;255&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;580&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W76&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1344&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1686&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;3030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1430&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W76-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;768&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;800&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;550&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;244&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;794&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;200&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;400&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;394&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W80-0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;189&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;289&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;289&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W80-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1452&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;354&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1806&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;228&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;528&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;1278&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B83-0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;298&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;298&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;293&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;293&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;B83-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;323&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;326&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;100&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;220&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;320&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;383&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W87&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;502&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;552&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;300&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;247&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;547&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="left"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;W88&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;404&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;384&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;404&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;0&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;   &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;tr valign="top"&gt; &lt;td align="right"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Total&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5163&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4775&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;9938&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2592&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;2455&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;5047&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;4891**&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;The table estimates that U.S. "operationally deployed" forces under the 2002 SORT agreement will be 2192 warheads by the end of 2012. Another 2855 warheads will not be counted under SORT. This is based on the following assumptions: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;li&gt;450 MMIII ICBMs with 500 warheads, including 150 W87 warheads deployed at both Warren AFB and at Malmstrom AFB, 200 W78 warheads at Minot AFB. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;12 SSBNs MIRV x 4 with 1152 warheads (2 SSBNs in overhaul not counted), 800 W76-1s in initial Life Extension Program, no W88 depletion due to new pit production. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;32 B52 and 16 B-2 Combat Coded bombers with 520 warheads at Barksdale, Minot and Whiteman AFBs. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Consolidate all 528 ALCMs at Minot AFB, retire all Advanced Cruise Missiles. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retire all B61-10 bombs. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retire all W62 warheads. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retire all W80-0 SLCM warheads. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Retire all W84 GLCM warheads. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Partial retirements of W78, W76, W80-1, B61-3/4.  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;* Active deployed means warheads on fielded systems such as ICBMs, SLBMs, and bomber and fighter bomber weapons. Responsive means warheads fully maintained but not operationally deployed and in storage. Inactive means the warhead has had its tritium removed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;** Warheads withdrawn for dismantlement for the period 2007-2012 could be completed by 2023, according the National Nuclear Security Administration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Real Fact :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The ground truth is that most of the weapons are out dated as per their use. Today countries have much more sophisticated, Light, Fast, Accurate and Cheap weapon system. Most of the non nuclear weapons were used in Irak and Afghanistan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;It is still not clear that how these weapons will be managed.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:85%;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-2941990099621526433?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/2941990099621526433/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=2941990099621526433' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2941990099621526433'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2941990099621526433'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/new-estimates-of-us-nuclear-weapons.html' title='New Estimates of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Stockpile, 2007 and 2012'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7920822701133830462</id><published>2009-03-29T11:28:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>Top US official helped Pak steal N-weapons secret report</title><content type='html'>&lt;span&gt;Senior US officials helped Pakistan steal atomic weapons secrets through Turkish agents in exchange for money and other benefits, with ISI passing on the sensitive information to the now disgraced nuclear scientist A Q Khan, a media report claimed here on Sunday. &lt;p&gt;Intercepted communications showed that former ISI chief Mahmoud Ahmad and his colleagues stationed in Washington were in constant contact with attaches in the Turkish embassy, according to The Sunday Times. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The paper reported the account of whistle blower Sibel Edmonds, a 37-year-old former Turkish language translator for the FBI, who listened into hundreds of sensitive intercepted conversations while based at the agency’s Washington field office. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;She approached the newspaper last month after reading about an al-Qaeda terrorist who had revealed his role in training some of the 9/11 hijackers while he was in Turkey. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Edmonds described how foreign intelligence agents had enlisted the support of US officials to acquire a network of moles in sensitive military and nuclear institutions.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Edmonds claimed that she heard evidence that one well-known senior official in the US State Department was being paid by Turkish agents in Washington, who were selling the information on to black market buyers, including Pakistan. &lt;p&gt;Intelligence analysts said that members of the ISI were close to al-Qaeda before and after the 9/11 attacks on the US. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ahmad was accused of sanctioning a $ 100,000 wire payment to Mohammed Atta, one of the 9/11 hijackers, immediately before the attacks, the report said. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The newspaper claimed that it knew the name of the official, who has held a series of top &lt;a href="http://www.indianexpress.com/special/government,%20india/"&gt;Government&lt;/a&gt; posts, but he strongly denies the claims. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, Edmonds said: “He was aiding foreign operatives against US interests by passing them highly classified information, not only from the State Department, but also from the Pentagon, in exchange for money, positions and political objectives.” &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In one conversation Edmonds heard the official arranging to pick up a $ 15,000 cash bribe. The package was to be dropped off at an agreed location by someone in the Turkish diplomatic community, who was working for the network. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Turks, she said, often acted as a conduit for the ISI, Pakistan’s spy agency, because they were less likely to attract suspicion. Venues such as the American Turkish Council in Washington were used to drop off the cash, which was picked up by the official. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Edmonds said: “I heard at least three transactions like this over a period of 2 and half years. There are almost certainly more.”&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7920822701133830462?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7920822701133830462/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7920822701133830462' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7920822701133830462'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7920822701133830462'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/top-us-official-helped-pak-steal-n.html' title='Top US official helped Pak steal N-weapons secret report'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1070612674567391693</id><published>2009-03-29T11:23:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>The US Army's XM1063 projectile</title><content type='html'>XM1063 is the code name for the US army's new secret weapon which will "suppress" people without harming them, as well as stopping vehicles in an area 100m square. But is it a violation of chemical weapons treaties, or a welcome move towards less destructive warfare using non-lethal weapons?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Exactly how it works is classified, but we have established some details. The first part of the weapon is an artillery round - or as the army puts it, "a non-lethal personal suppression projectile" - fired from a 155mm howitzer, with a range of 28km. It scatters 152 small non-explosive sub munitions over a 1-hectare area; as each parachutes down, it sprays a chemical agent. Development was overseen by the US Army's Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center (Ardec).&lt;/p&gt; A presentation by the makers, General Dynamics, says the XM1063 will "suppress, disperse or engage personnel" and "deny personnel access to, use of, or movement through a particular area, point or facility"&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Experts suggest three possible payloads: an existing riot-control agent, malodorants or a new chemical agent. Existing agents include CS gas and a form of pepper spray. But these seem unlikely choices, because their effects only last minutes, and could wear off before friendly forces arrive. They could also face a legal challenge: the 1997 Chemical Weapons Convention prohibits the use of riot control agents in warfare&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"The matter is further complicated if pepper gas was used as the irritant since this is a plant toxin," says Steve Wright of Leeds Metropolitan University. "Such toxins are explicitly banned."&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The possibilities seem to boil down to anti-traction agents (which make the whole area impossibly slippery), a malodorant or some novel chemical agents.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Anti-traction agents are possible, but seem unlikely because research in this area (such as Darpa's Black Ice program) still seems to be at an early stage. It would be unusual for an agency to still be doing basic research when another is about to field a finished product.&lt;/p&gt; A malodorant is a super stinkbomb with a truly intolerable smell. The Pentagon has been working on such chemicals for years, and a recent US army briefing on future artillery concepts specifically mentions artillery-delivered malodorants&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Until the 1980s, the US maintained stockpiles of a chemical incapacitant known as BZ or Agent Buzz. BZ is a psychoactive chemical causing stupor, confusion and hallucinations lasting for more than 24 hours. It has an evil reputation, but this is based largely on rumour as few facts are available. Most people have only heard of BZ in connection with the film Jacob's Ladder. This depicted soldiers exposed to a secret chemical weapon in Vietnam with terrible results, including permanent psychosis.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"We are reaping the whirlwind today because of government secrecy in the past," says Jim Ketchum, who ran the BZ testing program in the 1960s. "It has allowed critics to make unsupportable claims about agents such as BZ without rejoinder from the government research community." Although the US is known to have been active in this area since 2000, no comments are available from researchers on non-lethal chemical agents - now termed "calmatives", whatever their chemical action.&lt;/p&gt;Testing of the XM1063 was completed successfully last year and it is due for low-rate production from 2009. Ardec says that the production decision is on hold awaiting further direction from the program manager. It seems the decision on whether to enter a new age of chemical warfare now rests with the military rather then civilians. Unless put under pressure, the US Army seems unlikely to give any details of what's in the surprise package until it is used. And maybe not even then.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1070612674567391693?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1070612674567391693/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1070612674567391693' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1070612674567391693'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1070612674567391693'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/us-armys-xm1063-projectile.html' title='The US Army&apos;s XM1063 projectile'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-6686318414254166649</id><published>2009-03-29T11:18:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>America's Ultra-Secret Weapon : High-power microwave (HPM)</title><content type='html'>Every war has its wonder weapon. In Afghanistan, it was the Predator, the unmanned drone that would loiter, invisibly, over the battlefield before unleashing a Hellfire missile on an unsuspecting target. The Gulf War marked the debut of precision-guided munitions, and in Vietnam helicopters came of age. World War II gave us the horror of nuclear weapons, and World War I introduced the tank. If there's a second Gulf War, get ready to meet the high-power microwave.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;"High-power microwave (HPM) technology is ready for the transition to active weapons in the U.S. military," Air Force Colonel Eileen Walling wrote in a rare, unclassified report on the program. "There are signs that microwave weapons will represent a revolutionary concept for warfare, principally because microwaves are designed to incapacitate equipment rather than humans."&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HPMs can unleash in a flash as much electrical power--2 billion watts or more--as the Hoover Dam generates in 24 hours. Capacitors aboard the missile discharge an energy pulse--moving at the speed of light and impervious to bad weather--in front of the missile as it nears its target. That pulse can destroy any electronics within 1,000 ft. of the flash by short-circuiting internal electrical connections, thereby wrecking memory chips, ruining computer motherboards and generally screwing up electronic components not built to withstand such powerful surges. It's similar to what can happen to your computer or TV when lightning strikes nearby and a tidal wave of electricity rides in through the wiring.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-6686318414254166649?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/6686318414254166649/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=6686318414254166649' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6686318414254166649'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6686318414254166649'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/americas-ultra-secret-weapon-high-power.html' title='America&apos;s Ultra-Secret Weapon : High-power microwave (HPM)'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-4702997442260445989</id><published>2009-03-28T19:16:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:51.420+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>For India there is One and Only one threat : China</title><content type='html'>&lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_0"&gt;China&lt;/span&gt;'s rapidly growing military strength is shifting the military balance in the region and could be used to force its claims in disputed territories. &lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_1"&gt;Beijing&lt;/span&gt; continues to develop weapons that threaten longtime rival &lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_2"&gt;Taiwan&lt;/span&gt;, India even though tensions between the two have been reduced significantly and China is also developing longer range capabilities that could have an affect beyond the Asia - Pacific region.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;As being neighbors we welcomes the rise of a stable, peaceful and prosperous China and encourages China to participate responsibly in world affairs. However, much uncertainty surrounds China's future course, particularly regarding how its expanding &lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_4"&gt;military power&lt;/span&gt; might be used and against whom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_7"&gt;The People's Liberation Army&lt;/span&gt; is remaking itself into a force that can fight and win short, intense conflicts against high-tech adversaries. The pace and scope of China's military transformation have increased in recent years, fueled by the purchase of advanced foreign weapons, continued high rates of spending on new technologies and far-reaching reforms in the armed forces.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It's armed forces continue to develop and field disruptive military technologies, i.e. anti-satellite weapons like one tested in 2007, satellite communications jammers and others.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Among its disputes, for instance, China claims sovereignty over the &lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_9"&gt;Spratly&lt;/span&gt; and Paracel islands — claims challenged in part or whole by Brunei, the Philippines, Malaysia, &lt;span class="yshortcuts" id="lw_1238013567_10"&gt;Indonesia&lt;/span&gt; and Vietnam. While China and India have improved relations, tensions continue along their shared border. Tibet is another burning issue between china and world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Doubts and questions remain about China's strategic intentions. In 2008 China's military-related spending is estimated at between $105 billion to $150 billion, roughly double that of a decade ago.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually for India China is most unfaithful neighbor and having a proxy war with India using ISI, Nepal Maoist, Indian Maoist and Naxalites, ULFA, LTTE, Burma and other Terrorist groups. China is acting like a blind man and failed to learn from US. " &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;If you make a gun and sell it then be ready to be shot by same&lt;/span&gt; ".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-4702997442260445989?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/4702997442260445989/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=4702997442260445989' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4702997442260445989'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4702997442260445989'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/for-india-there-is-one-and-only-one.html' title='For India there is One and Only one threat : China'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-894128800385461583</id><published>2009-03-28T19:00:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.847+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,Sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. Cost of the &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/manhattan.htm"&gt;Manhattan Project&lt;/a&gt; (through August 1945): &lt;b&gt;$20,000,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;SOURCES:&lt;/b&gt; Richard G. Hewlett and Oscar E. Anderson, Jr., &lt;i&gt;The New World: A History of the United States Atomic Energy Commission, Volume 1, 1939/1946&lt;/i&gt; (Oak Ridge, Tennessee: U.S. AEC Technical Information Center, 1972), pp. 723-724; Condensed AEC Annual Financial Report, FY 1953 (in &lt;i&gt;Fifteenth Semiannual Report of the Atomic Energy Commission&lt;/i&gt;, January 1954, p. 73)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;2. Total number of nuclear missiles built, 1951-present: &lt;b&gt;67,500&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;3. Estimated construction costs for more than 1,000 ICBM launch pads and silos, and support facilities, from 1957-1964: &lt;b&gt;nearly $14,000,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Maj. C.D. Hargreaves, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office (CEBMCO), "Introduction to the CEBMCO Historical Report and History of the Command Section, Pre-CEBMCO Thru December 1962," p. 8; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Ballistic Missile Construction Office, "U.S. Air Force ICBM Construction Program," undated chart (circa 1965)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;4. Total number of nuclear bombers built, 1945-present: &lt;b&gt;4,680&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;5. Peak number of nuclear warheads and bombs in the &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/STOKPILE.HTM"&gt;stockpile&lt;/a&gt;/year: &lt;b&gt;32,193/1966&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;6. Total number and types of nuclear warheads and bombs built, 1945-1990: &lt;b&gt;more than 70,000/65 types&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy; Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;7. Number currently in the &lt;a href="http://www.thebulletin.org/issues/nukenotes/mj02nukenote.pdf"&gt;stockpile&lt;/a&gt; (2002): &lt;b&gt;10,600 (7,982 deployed, 2,700 hedge/contingency stockpile)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;8. Number of nuclear warheads requested by the &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/views/op-ed/schwartz/19970126.htm"&gt;Army&lt;/a&gt; in 1956 and 1957: &lt;b&gt;151,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;History of the Custody and Deployment of Nuclear Weapons, July 1945 Through September 1977&lt;/i&gt;, Prepared by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), February 1978, p. 50 (formerly Top Secret) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;9. Projected operational U.S. strategic nuclear warheads and bombs after full enactment of the Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty in 2012: &lt;b&gt;1,700-2,200&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Defense; Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;10. Additional strategic and non-strategic warheads not limited by the treaty that the U.S. military wants to retain as a "hedge" against unforeseen future threats: &lt;b&gt;4,900&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U..S. Department of Defense; Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;11. Largest and smallest nuclear bombs ever deployed: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Weapons/Mk17.jpg"&gt;B17/B24&lt;/a&gt; (~42,000 lbs., 10-15 megatons); &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/projects/nucwcost/davyc.HTM"&gt;W54&lt;/a&gt; (51 lbs., .01 kilotons, .02 kilotons-1 kiloton)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;12. Peak number of operating domestic uranium mines (1955): &lt;b&gt;925&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Nineteenth Semiannual Report of the Atomic Energy Commission&lt;/i&gt;, January 1956, p. 31 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;13. Fissile material produced: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://apollo.osti.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/pu50yrs/pu50y.html"&gt;104 metric tons of&lt;br /&gt;plutonium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; and &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.osti.gov/html/osti/opennet/document/press/pc13.html"&gt;994 metric tons of highly-enriched&lt;br /&gt;uranium&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;14. Amount of plutonium still in weapons: &lt;b&gt;43 metric tons&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;15. Number of thermometers which could be filled with mercury used to produce lithium-6 at the Oak Ridge Reservation: &lt;b&gt;11 billion&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;16. Number of dismantled plutonium "pits" stored at the &lt;a href="http://www.pantex.com/ds/index.htm"&gt;Pantex Plant&lt;/a&gt; in Amarillo, Texas: &lt;b&gt;12,067 (as of May 6, 1999)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;17. States with the largest number of nuclear weapons (in 1999): &lt;b&gt;New Mexico (2,450), &lt;a href="http://www.subasekb.navy.mil/"&gt;Georgia&lt;/a&gt; (2,000), Washington (1,685), Nevada (1,350), and North Dakota (1,140)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;William M. Arkin, Robert S. Norris, and Joshua Handler, &lt;i&gt;Taking Stock: Worldwide Nuclear Deployments 1998&lt;/i&gt; (Washington, D.C.: Natural Resources Defense Council, March 1998) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;18. &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/basesize.htm"&gt;Total known land area&lt;/a&gt; occupied by U.S. nuclear weapons bases and facilities: &lt;b&gt;15,654 square miles&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;19. Total land area of the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, and New Jersey: &lt;b&gt;15,357 square miles&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rand McNally Road Atlas and Travel Guide&lt;/i&gt;, 1992 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;20. Legal fees paid by the Department of Energy to fight lawsuits from workers and private citizens concerning nuclear weapons production and testing activities, from October 1990 through March 1995: &lt;b&gt;$97,000,000 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;21. Money paid by the State Department to Japan following &lt;a href="http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Tests/Cbrvfll.gif"&gt;fallout&lt;/a&gt; from the 1954 "Bravo" test: &lt;b&gt;$15,300,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Barton C. Hacker, &lt;i&gt;Elements of Controversy: The Atomic Energy Commission and Radiation Safety in Nuclear Weapons Testing, 1947 -1974&lt;/i&gt;, University of California Press, 1994, p. 158 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;22. Money and non-monetary compensation paid by the the United States to Marshallese Islanders since 1956 to redress damages from nuclear testing: &lt;b&gt;at least $759,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;23. Money paid to U.S. citizens under the Radiation Exposure and Compensation Act of 1990, as of January 13, 1998: &lt;b&gt;approximately $225,000,000 (6,336 claims approved; 3,156 denied)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Justice, Torts Branch, Civil Division &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;24. Total cost of the &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/projects/nucwcost/anp.htm"&gt;Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP)&lt;/a&gt; program, 1946-1961: &lt;b&gt;$7,000,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;"Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion Program," Report of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, September 1959, pp. 11-12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;25. Total number of nuclear-powered aircraft and airplane hangars built: &lt;b&gt;0 and 1&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Ibid; "American Portrait: ANP," WFAA-TV (Dallas), 1993. Between July 1955 and March 1957, a specially modified B-36 bomber made 47 flights with a three megawatt air-cooled operational test reactor (the reactor, however, did not power the plane). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;26. Number of secret Presidential Emergency Facilities built for use during and after a nuclear war: &lt;b&gt;more than 75&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Bill Gulley with Mary Ellen Reese, &lt;i&gt;Breaking Cover&lt;/i&gt;, Simon and Schuster, 1980, pp. 34- 36 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;27. Currency stored until 1988 by the Federal Reserve at its &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/mtpony.HTM"&gt;Mount Pony facility&lt;/a&gt; for use after a nuclear war: &lt;b&gt;more than $2,000,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Edward Zuckerman, &lt;i&gt;The Day After World War III&lt;/i&gt;, The Viking Press, 1984, pp. 287-88 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;28. Amount of silver in tons once used at the Oak Ridge, TN, &lt;a href="http://www.y12.doe.gov/.index.html/"&gt;Y-12 Plant&lt;/a&gt; for electrical magnet coils: &lt;b&gt;14,700&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Vincent C. Jones, &lt;i&gt;Manhattan: The Army and the Bomb&lt;/i&gt;, U.S. Army Center for Military History, 1985, pp. 66-7 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;29. &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/TESTS.HTM"&gt;Total number of U.S. nuclear weapons tests, 1945-1992&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;b&gt;1,030&lt;/b&gt; (1,125 nuclear devices detonated; 24 additional joint tests with Great Britain) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;30. First and last test: &lt;b&gt;July 16, 1945 ("Trinity") &lt;/b&gt;and &lt;b&gt;September 23, 1992 ("Divider")&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nv.doe.gov/news&amp;amp;pubs/publications/historyreports/doenv209&amp;amp;317/nv209nar.pdf"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;31. Estimated amount spent between October 1, 1992 and October 1, 1995 on nuclear testing activities: &lt;b&gt;$1,200,000,000&lt;/b&gt; (0 tests) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;32. Cost of 1946 &lt;a href="http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Tests/Crossrd.html"&gt;Operation Crossroads&lt;/a&gt; weapons tests ("Able" and "Baker") at Bikini Atoll: &lt;b&gt;$1,300,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Weisgall, &lt;i&gt;Operation Crossroads&lt;/i&gt;, pp. 294, 371 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;33. Largest U.S. explosion/date: &lt;b&gt;15 Megatons/March 1, 1954 (&lt;a href="http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Tests/Castle.html"&gt;"Bravo"&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;34. Number of islands in Enewetak atoll &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/projects/nucwcost/mike.htm"&gt;vaporized&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;by the November 1, 1952 &lt;a href="http://nuketesting.enviroweb.org/hew/Usa/Tests/Ivy.html"&gt;"Mike" H-bomb test&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Chuck Hansen, &lt;i&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons: The Secret History&lt;/i&gt;, Orion Books, 1988, pp. 58-59, 95 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;35. Number of nuclear tests in the Pacific: &lt;b&gt;106&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;36. Number of U.S. nuclear tests in Nevada: &lt;b&gt;911&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;37. Number of nuclear weapons tests in Alaska [&lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/AK3126.html"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/AK3127.html"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/AK3128.html"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;], Colorado [&lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/CO3129.html"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/CO3130.html"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;], &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/MS3126.html"&gt;Mississippi&lt;/a&gt; and New Mexico [&lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/NM3128.html"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/NM3129.html"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.clui.org/clui_4_1/ludb/sites/NM3130.html"&gt;3&lt;/a&gt;]: &lt;b&gt;10&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Natural Resources Defense Council, Nuclear Weapons Databook Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;38. Operational naval nuclear propulsion reactors vs. operational commercial power reactors (in 1999): &lt;b&gt;129 vs. 108&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Adm. Bruce DeMars, Deputy Assistant Director for Naval Reactors, U.S. Navy; Nuclear Regulatory Commission &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;39. Number of attack &lt;a href="http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/ships/ship-ssn.html"&gt;(SSN)&lt;/a&gt; and ballistic missile &lt;a href="http://www.chinfo.navy.mil/navpalib/factfile/ships/shipssbn.html"&gt;(SSBN)&lt;/a&gt; submarines (2002): &lt;b&gt;53 SSNs and 18 SSBNs&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Adm. Bruce DeMars, Deputy Assistant Director for Naval Reactors, U.S. Navy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;40. Number of &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/projects/nucwcost/tanks.htm"&gt;high level radioactive waste tanks&lt;/a&gt; in &lt;a href="http://www.hanford.gov/"&gt;Washington&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href="http://www.inel.gov/"&gt;Idaho&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://www.srs.gov/"&gt;South Carolina&lt;/a&gt;: &lt;b&gt;239&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;41. Volume in cubic meters of radioactive waste resulting from weapons activities: &lt;b&gt;104,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy; Institute for Energy and Environmental Research &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;42. Number of designated targets for U.S. weapons in the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP) in 1976, 1986, and 1995: &lt;b&gt;25,000&lt;/b&gt; (1976), &lt;b&gt;16,000&lt;/b&gt; (1986) and &lt;b&gt;2,500&lt;/b&gt; (1995) &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Bruce Blair, Senior Fellow, The Brookings Institution &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;43. Cost of January 17, 1966 nuclear weapons accident over &lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/projects/nucwcost/palomares.htm"&gt;Palomares, Spain&lt;/a&gt; (including two lost planes, an extended search and recovery effort, waste disposal in the U.S. and settlement claims): &lt;b&gt;$182,000,000 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;Joint Committee on Atomic Energy Interoffice Memorandum, February 15, 1968; Center for Defense Information &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;44. Number of U.S. nuclear bombs lost in accidents and never recovered: &lt;b&gt;11&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Defense; Center for Defense Information; Greenpeace; "Lost Bombs," Atwood-Keeney Productions, Inc., 1997 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;45. Number of Department of Energy federal employees (in 1996): &lt;b&gt;18,608&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Worker and Community Transition &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;46. Number of Department of Energy contractor employees (in 1996): &lt;b&gt;109,242&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Worker and Community Transition &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;47. Minimum number of classified pages estimated to be in the Department of Energy's possession (1995): &lt;b&gt;280 million&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;A Review of the Department of Energy Classification Policy and Practice&lt;/i&gt;, Committee on Declassification of Information for the Department of Energy Environmental Remediation and Related Programs, National Research Council, 1995, pp. 7-8, 68. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;48. Ballistic missile defense spending in 1965 vs. 1995: &lt;b&gt;$2,200,000,000 vs. $2,600,000,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;49. Average cost per warhead to the U.S. to help Kazakhstan dismantle 104 SS-18 ICBMs carrying more than 1,000 warheads: &lt;b&gt;$70,000&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project; Arms Control Association &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;50. Estimated 1998 spending on all U.S. nuclear weapons and weapons-related programs: &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.brookings.edu/FP/PROJECTS/NUCWCOST/CURSPEND.HTM"&gt;$35,100,000,000&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;U.S. Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:8;"&gt;http://www.brookings.edu/projects/archive/nucweapons/50.aspx&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-894128800385461583?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/894128800385461583/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=894128800385461583' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/894128800385461583'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/894128800385461583'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/50-facts-about-us-nuclear-weapons.html' title='50 Facts About U.S. Nuclear Weapons'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7129969001137368543</id><published>2009-03-28T18:54:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.847+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>Clinton Orders Human Experiments</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Executive Order 13139 &lt;a href="http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1999/10/1/8"&gt;http://www.pub.whitehouse.gov/uri-res/I2R?urn:pdi://oma.eop.gov.us/1999/10/1/8&lt;/a&gt; is   requiring military personnel to receive experimental vaccines not approved by the Food and   Drug Administration. Courts-martial are pending.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;A day after Republican Rep. Chris Shays of Connecticut ended   congressional hearings on the controversial decision mandating the inoculation of 2.4   million U.S. troops against anthrax, President Clinton quietly signed an executive order,   or EO, that denies soldiers the right to refuse experimental vaccines.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;EO13139, titled "Improving Health Protection of Military   Personnel Participating in Particular Military Operations," caught Congress off guard   as it directed the Pentagon to disregard the authority of the Food and Drug   Administration, or FDA. The order authorized use of experimental vaccines -- those not   approved by the FDA and therefore illegal -- to be administered to members of the armed   forces without informed consent.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Some congressmen saw this as an attack by the president on the House   Government Reform subcommittee on National Security, Veterans Affairs and International   Relations, where testimony indicated the Pentagon had violated the FDA's procedures on how   to administer the anthrax vaccine. Those hearings – as well as others held by the   full House Committee on Government Reform -- had put the FDA on the spot for letting the   Pentagon disregard sensible FDA regulations. The Pentagon wanted to administer the shots   now and, as a result, long-range studies were not conducted and an inadequate reporting   system was set up to hide the large number of adverse effects, critics charged.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;As a result of the unprecedented implementation of the vaccination   program, more than 1,000 troops are awaiting trial on a felony charge of refusing to obey,   hundreds more have left the armed forces and dozens have been prosecuted.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The FDA's failure to take a stand against the Pentagon has prompted a   group of concerned congressmen, led by Republican Rep. Walter Jones Jr. of North Carolina,   formally to complain to the agency. "The FDA didn't do its job," says Jones, a   member of the House Armed Services Committee. "Our men and women are too valuable and   they're not going to be guinea pigs."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Jones, who has asked the Pentagon's inspector general to launch a   probe into the growing anthrax controversy, warns that Clinton's executive order   "might encourage more men and women to get out of the military. I think Clinton did   it to give cover to what the DOD [or Department of Defense] is doing." And with the   FDA having rolled over, Jones says, he is even more determined to learn why the White   House and the Pentagon doubled the contract of Michigan-based BioPort Corp., which   manufactures the vaccine, from $25.7 million to $49.8 million and at the same time reduced   the volume to be delivered by 2.3 million shots (see "Why BioPort Got a Shot in the   Arm," Sept. 20).&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The Pentagon has claimed the inoculation protects against all anthrax   strains, and BioPort made the same claim to Insight -- despite the fact that an experiment   at the Fort Detrick chemical and biological warfare center in Maryland using guinea pigs   showed nine of the 27 anthrax strains tested killed 50 percent of the vaccinated subjects.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Kwai-Cheung Chan, the director of the special studies and   evaluations, national-security and international-affairs division of the General   Accounting Office, testified before the House Government Reform Committee that there have   been no studies to "determine the optimum number of doses of the anthrax vaccine.   Although annual boosters are given, the needs for a six-shot regimen and annual booster   shots have not been evaluated."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Chan's biggest criticism, however, involves the process in which the   vaccine was made. He notes the deficiencies that FDA identified in its February 1998   inspection. "These fell into two categories: those that might affect only one or a   limited number of batches, and those that could compromise the safety and efficacy of any   or all batches." The facility was as a result shut down in early 1998. BioPort is   addressing the processing problems, but the FDA has yet to approve its laboratory to   produce the controversial vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Meanwhile, since Insight last reported on the anthrax vaccination,   still more troops and civilians have fallen ill after receiving the shots, according to   the FDA. From 1990 to Oct. 1, 1999, 425 reports of adverse events associated with the   anthrax vaccine have been reported. Critics argue the incidents are being underreported   because, unless the side effects involve chills or fatigue, some doctors say they can't   report the symptoms (see "A Dose of Reality," Sept. 20).&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Mark Zaid, an attorney representing dozens of troops who refused to   take the mandatory anthrax inoculation, says, "There are big problems. Why, all of a   sudden out of nowhere, especially when the opposition to the program is getting so much   steam and criticism of the Department of Defense was running rampant, does Clinton sign an   executive order that assures DOD can implement any experimental program it wants? This   whole thing is DOD doing an end run around the FDA. The FDA should step up to plate and do   its job."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;The FDA may be starting to take note, according to a September letter   from the agency obtained by Insight. The letter was written the day Shays' hearing ended.   Katheryn Zoon, director of the Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, wrote to   Assistant Secretary of Defense Sue Bailey:&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;"Recently it has come to the agency's attention through   congressional sources that some troops may not be receiving the vaccine in accordance with   the schedule found in the approved labeling. As you know, the approved anthrax labeling   states that full immunization involves six doses of the vaccine to be administered   following the first dose at two and four weeks, six months, 12 months and 18 months, with   yearly boosters thereafter. This schedule is the only regimen shown to be effective in   protecting humans against anthrax and is the only schedule approved by the FDA. Data   received by FDA from congressional sources indicate that a number of reserve and active   military personnel are receiving their anthrax vaccine dose significantly later than the   FDA approved schedule."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;In his order Clinton calls attention to the biological threat to   which troops might be subjected, saying soldiers could "potentially be exposed to a   range of chemical, biological and radiological weapons, as well as disease endemic to an   area of operations." Defense Secretary William Cohen warned recently on ABC's   Nightline that it is not a question of whether we could face a biological attack, it's a   question of when.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;But neither the president's top intelligence expert in this field nor   the State Department are impressed by these claims. Richard Clarke, the bioterrorism   expert with the National Security Council, also said on Nightline that he doesn't expect   terrorists will turn to biological weapons. "I don't believe it's a certainty at   all," he said. "I know that there are people who say it will eventually happen.   But I think you have to remember, there has to be motivation. Someone has to do it. And   that someone has to believe they can get away with it. They're not going to. If you look   at our history in the last five years, after every major terrorist incident we have   discovered the people who were involved. And even if they were on the other side of the   earth, and even if it was four years later or 10 years later, we reached out and got   them."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;In addition, the State Department has posted this statement on its   Website: "The Department of State has no information to indicate that there is a   likelihood of use of chemical or biological agent release in the immediate future. The   Department believes the risk of the use of chemical/biological warfare is remote, although   it cannot be excluded."&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Meanwhile, even though U.S. embassies are prime targets of   terrorists, the State Department isn't requiring its employees to have the anthrax shot   before deployment. Jones called on the State Department to explain why it was not   mandating the shot, and promptly was told it will take "four years to get that   information." He then turned to House International Relations Committee Chairman Ben   Gilman of New York, who quickly fired off a letter to State demanding action.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p class="MsoNormal"&gt;Yet Clinton signed EO13139 to use experimental vaccines on U.S.   troops despite the scandals created by exposure of the secret use of experimental vaccines   ranging from administering LSD in the 1950s to the drug pyriostigmine bromide, or PB,   given to troops bound for the Persian Gulf War. PB, which protects against nerve gas, may   be linked to some of the gulf-war illnesses, according to the Rand Corp., a   California-based think tank that recently published a 385-page review of the drug.&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;p&gt;Maj. Thomas "Buzz" Rempfer of the Air Force Reserve says there may be times   when use of vaccines that have not been fully tested and FDA-approved may be necessary and   appropriate during great crisis. "But this capability for our president is currently   being jeopardized by the reckless mandatory vaccination of all service members against   anthrax," he says. "The threat is not imminent and the integrity of the military   institution is being compromised to implement a strategic or blanket program that is   doctrinally unprecedented and unsound. The lack of trust we are breeding in the force   today could sacrifice our military's capability to protect our troops on a tactical basis   when threatened in the future."&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;a href="http://www.fibrom-l.org/experiments.htm"&gt;http://www.fibrom-l.org/experiments.htm&lt;/a&gt;   &lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7129969001137368543?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7129969001137368543/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7129969001137368543' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7129969001137368543'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7129969001137368543'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/clinton-orders-human-experiments.html' title='Clinton Orders Human Experiments'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-8397367110985082839</id><published>2009-03-28T18:51:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:08:25.847+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='USA'/><title type='text'>Secret US Human Biological Experimentation</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial Narrow;font-size:130%;color:#000000;"&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1931&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Dr.   Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical   Investigations, infects human subjects with cancer cells. He later goes on to establish   the U.S. Army Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is named to   the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins a series of radiation exposure   experiments on American soldiers and civilian hospital patients.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1932&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed with   syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied treatment, and instead are used as   human guinea pigs in order to follow the progression and symptoms of the disease. They all   subsequently die from syphilis, their families never told that they could have been   treated.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1935&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from   Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service finally acts to stem   the disease. The director of the agency admits it had known for at least 20 years that   Pellagra is caused by a niacin deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths   occured within poverty-striken black populations.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1940&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria in   order to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to combat the disease. Nazi   doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite this American study to defend their own actions   during the Holocaust.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1942  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on   approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945 and made use of   Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human guinea pigs rather than serve on active   duty.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1943&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the U.S.   begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1944&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.   Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas and lewisite.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1945&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department, Army   intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer them immunity and secret   identities in exchange for work on top secret government projects in the United States.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1945&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  "Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy   Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the health effects of fluoride,   which was the key chemical component in atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic   chemicals known to man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse effects to the   central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in the name of national   security because of fear that lawsuits would undermine full-scale production of atomic   bombs.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1946&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical   experiments. In order to allay suspicions, the order is given to change the word   "experiments" to "investigations" or "observations" whenever   reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation's veteran's hospitals.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1947&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission   issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947) stating that the agency will   begin administering intravenous doses of radioactive substances to human subjects.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1947&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use by   American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and military) are used with and   without their knowledge.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1950&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear weapons in   desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical problems and mortality rates.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1950&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt; I n an experiment to determine how susceptible an American city would   be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of bacteria from ships over San   Franciso. Monitoring devices are situated throughout the city in order to test the extent   of infection. Many residents become ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1951&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Department of Defense begins open air tests using   disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and there is concern that   people in the surrounding areas have been exposed.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1953&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas over   Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy River Valley in Maryland, and   Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is to determine how efficiently they could disperse   chemical agents.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1953&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens of   thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to the airborne germs   Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1953&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year research   program designed to produce and test drugs and biological agents that would be used for   mind control and behavior modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents   on unwitting human beings.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1955&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human   populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn from the Army's   biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1955&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its   potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000 Americans participate in   the tests, which continue until 1958.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1956&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever over   Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army agents posing as public health   officials test victims for effects.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1958&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare   Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1960&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)   authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing of the european   population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE; testing of the Asian population is code   named Project DERBY HAT.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1965&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH, a   program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior through the use of   mind-altering drugs.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1965&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are   subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent Orange used in Viet Nam.   The men are later studied for development of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had   been a suspected carcinogen all along.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1966&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the   toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1966&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger throughout   the New York City subway system. More than a million civilians are exposed when army   scientists drop lightbulbs filled with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1967&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI,   successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test biological and chemical   weapons.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1968&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking water   by injecting chemicals into the water supply of the FDA in Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1969&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests from   congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a synthetic biological agent to   which no natural immunity exists.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1970&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under H.R.   15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is carried out by the Special   Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the army's top secret biological weapons facility.   Speculation is raised that molecular biology techniques are used to produce AIDS-like   retroviruses.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1970&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  United States intensifies its development of "ethnic   weapons" (Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and eliminate   specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic differences and variations in   DNA.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1975&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological Warfare   Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities and placed under the   supervision of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) . It is here that a special virus   cancer program is initiated by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop cancer-causing   viruses. It is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no immunity   exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia Virus).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1977&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm that   239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological agents between 1949 and 1969.   Some of the areas included San Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City,   Minneapolis, and St. Louis.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1978&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the CDC,   begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for research subjects specifically   ask for promiscuous homosexual men.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1981&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New York,   Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that AIDS may have been introduced   via the Hepatitis B vaccine&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1985&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and VISNA, a   fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close taxonomic and evolutionary   relationship.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1986&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences   (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share all structural elements, except   for a small segment which is nearly identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV   and VISNA may have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to which no natural immunity   exists.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1986  &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's current   generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses, naturally occurring toxins,   and agents that are altered through genetic engineering to change immunological character   and prevent treatment by all existing vaccines.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1987&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning   research and development of biological agents, it continues to operate research facilities   at 127 facilities and universities around the nation.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1990&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los   Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never been licensed   for use in the United States. CDC later admits that parents were never informed that the   vaccine being injected to their children was experimental.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1994&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth   Nicolson at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many returning   Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain of Mycoplasma incognitus, a   microbe commonly used in the production of biological weapons. Incorporated into its   molecular structure is 40 percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been   man-made.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1994&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that for at   least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds of thousands of military   personnel in human experiments and for intentional exposure to dangerous substances.   Materials included mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation, psychochemicals,   hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War .&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1995&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war criminals   and scientists who had performed human medical experiments salaries and immunity from   prosecution in exchange for data on biological warfare research.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1995&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological agents   used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston, TX and Boca Raton, Fl and   tested on prisoners in the Texas Department of Corrections.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1996&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were   exposed to chemical agents.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;  &lt;i&gt;&lt;b&gt;1997&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an   investigation into bioweapons use &amp;amp; Gulf War Syndrome.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-8397367110985082839?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/8397367110985082839/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=8397367110985082839' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8397367110985082839'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8397367110985082839'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/secret-us-human-biological.html' title='Secret US Human Biological Experimentation'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5604602233717017760</id><published>2009-03-28T12:10:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:07:51.420+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>ALQUIDA STRATEGY : INDIA CONCERN</title><content type='html'>If you analyze the events happened between Mumbai Attack and Yesterday attack in Pakistan. There is a clear indication that Alquida (Means entire group) are keen to capture Karachi port and trying to create a passage from Karachi to Afghan Border. Why ?.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. It may be that Osama is dead and his commanders want a safe passage to send his body to Saudi Arab because from there he will always be remembered as a hero of islam.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Osama wants to leave Afghanistan and Pakistan and trying to stay at more convenient, safe and away from US drone it might be possible.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Mumbai attack resulted a war like situation between India and Pakistan. Pakistan army shifted its troops from Afghan border to Indian border. In its cover thousands of Alquida / Taliban terrorists were spread in Pakistan specially in Karachi, Lahore, PoK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. I think Alquida is not going to execute any plan. They are in a situation where they are preferring to save themselves rather planing for attack.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Today Alquida is trying to create a safe supply line using several techniques :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;     * Using supply line from China Area&lt;br /&gt;     * Using supply line from Iran and Irak&lt;br /&gt;     * Using supply line from Russia side&lt;br /&gt;     * Using supply line from Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. Issue of Somalian Pirate and the trafficking network of Dawood Ibrahim are supporting Alquida. Because Navy of several powerful countries were failed to stop them and the ransom paid might be used to fund terrorist.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. In all these scenarios where is India. The most brave nation surrounded by internal and external threats which are eager to destroy it peace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. If USA is really serious then first of all change the definition of Terrorism. Every act creating fear in common people is a terrorism you can not classify as Alquida or Taliban only. Hope Mr. Obama will understand the truth that you can not opt for selective terrorism. In 1980s you created Osama and today you are trying to cut this tree. Why ?. If you are right in past then today you are wrong and If you are right today then in past you are wrong.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. In current nuclear era you can not behave like a dictator because every one has power to destroy this universe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Mr. Obama can guarantee that 7500 crores US Aid will not be used against USA but he can not guarantee that 7500 crores US Aid will not be used against India. One side you are fighting terrorism and other side supporting.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. China should understand one thing that this is not 1962. This is 21st century and beware about any daring move. Please live and let live. We are capable to tackle any situation once forced but we believe in "Vashudhaive Kutumbakam".&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. At last history proves that "Boya Peda ?Babool ka Aam Kahan se aaye".&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5604602233717017760?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5604602233717017760/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5604602233717017760' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5604602233717017760'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5604602233717017760'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/alquida-strategy-india-concern.html' title='ALQUIDA STRATEGY : INDIA CONCERN'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5865241076659072305</id><published>2009-03-27T10:47:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:10:37.798+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>India security needs fast decision-making with quick responce time</title><content type='html'>I am stating the fact that India need a separate decision making system related to defense and security aiming a fruitful communication with different sections of country. Today you can not separate defense from foreign or economic or trade policy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India's national security depends on comprehensive joint decision-making, with a government bureaucracy that has more than 40 ministries and departments, more work needs to be done on interagency coordination in order to effectively protect India's national security interests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A joint national security decision-making which could contribute to comprehensive national power through seamless interagency coordination between all agencies involved in national defense is thus the need of the hour.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I am stating this fact for last one year to our government but they have no time to listen and act. They are happy by setting up NIA, another white elephant. I think India needs a group solely responsible for defense and security issues with no political interference and its policies should not dependent on government.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In current scenario you can not differentiate between internal or external threat. Now they are merged to execute their goals. Today a proxy War is common tool and for a safer nation its important to counter such threat. We need a agency to take input from intelligence sources ( or create own intelligence system), Process this data, take decision, create action plan minutes, pass it to concern agency, monitor and ensures the execution of plan using existing agencies ( or create own ). I will prefer to name it CORE GUARD OF INDIA ( CGI ).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hope within months we will see such agency.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5865241076659072305?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5865241076659072305/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5865241076659072305' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5865241076659072305'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5865241076659072305'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/india-security-needs-fast-decision.html' title='India security needs fast decision-making with quick responce time'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-4566450607628349494</id><published>2009-03-22T17:51:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:51.998+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Bangladesh'/><title type='text'>BDR Action : New Type of Terrorism</title><content type='html'>The BDR action in Bangladesh indicates a crucial threat towards Terrorism. We have reports that Militants are trying to inject themselves in Security forces and in J &amp;amp; K they succeeded.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Instead of killing their own officers they tried to kill general public then what could happen. In such type of incident the causalities are high just because it was unpredictable and no one ever thought about such incidents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In India Bangladeshis are injecting themselves in Police and Key security positions by acquiring Indian citizenship so if you think about 10-20 years it might be possible that 50-100 Bangladeshis hijacked some state government. Its democratic type is seen in Asam, West Bangal, and in some other states. Our forces are aware of it but political leadership ignore it just for Votes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hope the Indian Politicians will understand the truth that if India is safe then their Chair is Safe neither none will exist...............&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-4566450607628349494?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/4566450607628349494/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=4566450607628349494' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4566450607628349494'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4566450607628349494'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/bdr-action-new-type-of-terrorism.html' title='BDR Action : New Type of Terrorism'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-4552425367784641888</id><published>2009-03-22T17:29:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:25.427+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>SELECTIVE TERRORISM or CONTROLLED TERRORISM : Wrong CIA Policy</title><content type='html'>Let clear one point to Obama, USA and CIA that until Pakistan is in list we can not eliminate Terrorism from this world. Actually Pakistan , USA , Russia, Iran and China are playing their games and these Terrorist organizations are just means.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It will be difficult to Mr. Obama to accept but until CIA policy is not changed peace is not possible. USA (CIA) is expecting a SELECTIVE TERRORISM or CONTROLLED TERRORISM which is not possible. Its very difficult to defeat Alquida because :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Its a thinking, lifestyle, ideology, worship.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. US actions about Irak, Iran and Afghanistan are nourishing it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. Some nations have their own points to support Terrorism for their own logic.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Weapon producers and suppliers do not want a peaceful world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Poverty and Unemployment&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually the unjustified and illegal capturing of resources is mother of all problems. US wants to capture worlds oil for his own use without paying appropriate cost. Same thing happened in Africa for Gold, Diamonds and other minerals and the result is a most unstable Africa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of the people are in doubt that US (CIA) is fighting with Terrorist, NO, CIA is just imposing pressure to control their command and then it will start using them in the area. Russia and China wants to eliminate terrorist from their region but same time use it against USA and India respectively.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Indian policy makers must be aware that the Ultimate target will be India from all the sides. ISI is keen to initiate a war because then all their actions and reactions will be justified by default and no one will raise a question. Second people will be diverted from the core issue &lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Terrorism and Democracy&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For India a Strong Pakistani Leadership will be beneficial no matter it is democracy or military rule. So just keep your border at high alert specially in Bangladesh region.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-4552425367784641888?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/4552425367784641888/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=4552425367784641888' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4552425367784641888'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/4552425367784641888'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/selective-terrorism-or-controlled.html' title='SELECTIVE TERRORISM or CONTROLLED TERRORISM : Wrong CIA Policy'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5052019532072001869</id><published>2009-03-20T17:19:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:25.428+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>PLAY GROUND OF DEVELOPED NATIONS</title><content type='html'>Hi Friends,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 153, 255);"&gt;Hope you must had celebrated the colors of humanity "The Holi" and so I wish you a Very happy holi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;But the attack on Sri Lanka Cricket team was most shameful. No matter who is behind the attack it must be stopped.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually the area of Muslim countries  became a playground for developed nations. USA, China, Russia, Pakistan are playing their own games without think about people and peace of the area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Russia have a chance to take revenge of Afghanistan defeat so they may manage to help the Taliban or Alquida so that to defeat the US. Actually it should be a war for Peace but due to US policies it became a War between US and Muslim countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* China have its own reason to help Taliban and Alquida because china is claiming that US is promoting Tibet movements. It could be possible because most of the weapons recovered are either China or US or Iran made.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* ISI and Dawood are another factor which may be a cause for US defeat because entire Dawood's business was dependent on Karachi Port or his freely movement to Dubai or Nepal. Now days US is spying on this route so Dawood may react ?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* Iran is already against US illegal policies and strategy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;* US movement in Indian ocean is interrupted by China creating clouds of doubt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;So just wait and watch the game and do not try to become a referry neither you may be beaten.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5052019532072001869?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5052019532072001869/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5052019532072001869' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5052019532072001869'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5052019532072001869'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/03/play-ground-of-developed-nations.html' title='PLAY GROUND OF DEVELOPED NATIONS'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-2494646148673247945</id><published>2009-02-10T19:43:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-02-10T19:51:52.881+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Hacking Facts</title><content type='html'>Hacking refers to an array of activities which are done to intrude some one else’s personal information space so as to use it for malicious, unwanted purposes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;When someone finds an exploit and use it for stealing vital information from your system is known as hacking.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This could affect your account with any of the following:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;• Loss of information&lt;br /&gt;• Unauthorized access of resources&lt;br /&gt;• Unwanted mails sent from your mail ID&lt;br /&gt;• Loss of ID and password&lt;br /&gt;• Financial crime&lt;br /&gt;• Downloading information using fake id and password&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hacking can affect you in many ways, If your account get hacked it can be used in many ways,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1.  A One can read your important emails with confidential stuffs like PICS,CONVOS etc.&lt;br /&gt;2. The hacker can send a CC fraud page link or scam link to your friends by pretending like you.&lt;br /&gt;3. He can affect more people from your friend list who will accept his software by not knowing that the person sitting behind your id is not you.&lt;br /&gt;4. Hacker can actually get your Street address from your local friends who are added in your list.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hacking is a term used to refer to activities aimed at exploiting securty flaws to obtain critical information for gaining access to secured networks. Hacking is something more than the usually thought 'hit and trial' method of matching Username and Password combinations.&lt;br /&gt;Hacking involves the use of advanced software (scripts) to try and gain access into secure networks. A secure network (server) address always begins with 'https://' instead of the common 'http://'.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Vulnerability of secured networks is much less than unsecured networks and hackers usually target high-value targets; just like robbers would target a big multinational bank instead of a local money lender.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;THE REAL TERM HACKING refers to an 'ART'. It is an art which defines and allows the knowledge of a user to speak his mind. It was a term which was associated with the guys who knew almost everything about the computer in the late 60's. Gradually the reputation of the hackers deteriorated as there were some illegal uses of the knowledge. So in mid 80's, these guys who exploited their knowledge in wrong direction were classified to another name as CRACKERS. So the hackers are gud people who help to secure one's system/server/ etc,,, etc... So hacking term is associated with gud people and cracking term is associated with bad people.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-2494646148673247945?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/2494646148673247945/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=2494646148673247945' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2494646148673247945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/2494646148673247945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/02/hacking-facts.html' title='Hacking Facts'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7076129385738516208</id><published>2009-02-09T15:50:00.003+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:25.428+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Terrorism in Pakistan takes aim at China too</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style="text-align: justify;"&gt;It would be tragic if so-called strategic competition with India blinds China to the dangers from Pakistani terrorism. China would be courting disaster by permitting such Sino- Indian strategic competition to intrude into the bigger war against Pakistani terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;China and India encounter terrorism from nearly the same quarters in Pakistan, although the combination of groups and interests that carry out the attacks may vary. China is going down the same slippery slope of the United States in appeasing the Pakistani military in the hope to contain Pakistani terrorism. This is an insatiable beast that bites the feeding hand.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Terrorism against India and China are now epicentred in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) of Pakistan, where the US is campaigning against Al-Qaeda and Afghan and Pakistani Taliban terrorists with reluctant assistance from the Pakistani army.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The 26-28 November Bombay terror attacks were designed to provoke an Indo-Pak faceoff&lt;br /&gt;and halt the US campaign. Either the Pakistan army and ISI or the Al-Qaeda and the&lt;br /&gt;two Talibans (but chiefly the Pakistani Taliban) or them together designed the Bombay&lt;br /&gt;attack using the Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) organisation.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The growing Uighur terrorism that China faces in Xinjiang province is also radiating out from FATA, more specifically, Mir Ali, in North Waziristan (according to counterterrorism expert Rohan Gunaratna), headquarters of the smallish but deadly East Turkmenistan Islamic Movement (ETIM). ETIM is one of the oldest Uighur terrorist&lt;br /&gt;groups to survive tough and, what critics call, often "repressive" Chinese counterterrorism measures in Xinjiang since at least the Nineties. Trouble for China arises from the fact that ETIM has passed under protection of the Islamic Jihad Union (IJU), which is wholly influenced by the Al-Qaeda, and IJU receives the overall umbrella cover of the Tareek-e-Taliban (TTP), a cooperative platform for Pakistani Taliban leaders lead by Beitullah Mahsud, one of the most wanted men in FATA today. In other words, China faces peak terrorist threats from ETIM, Al-Qaeda and the Pakistani Taliban, and the last two employ ETIM to enable establishing a regional Central Asian caliphate that includes Xinjiang and with a second aim to undermine the rest of China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The link in all this somewhere is the Pakistan military/ intelligence establishments, which have evolved jihad so considerably since the Eighties' "mujahideen" war against the (former) Soviet Union as to threaten and squeeze the more traditional pro-Chinese and pro-US sections in them. While the US could cut away from Afghanistan after the Soviet withdrawal (though it couldn't escape 9/ 11), China has faced the blowback of the socalled mujahideen campaign with Uighur veterans returning to Xinjiang and opposing Chinese rule with terrorism. So bad was it in 1992 (with a failed Uighur uprising in Kashgar) that China for months closed the Karakoram highway with Pakistan because it brought in Pakistani-trained terrorists, extremist Deobandi (not to be confused with the original Indian Deobandi) ideology, smuggled opium, hashish and later heroin and AIDS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The terrorism in Xinjiang (besides the other, non-traditional threats) has only gotten worse despite massive police bundobast, military border deployments and exercises, total monitoring of mosques and madrasahs funded by Saudi Arabia and Pakistan in the libertine Eighties, and almost complete absence of media coverage of the violence and casualties in the belief that publicity gives oxygen to terrorists.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;China is more than aware that Pakistan is a failed state and that large swathes of its territory are under terrorist control. Nor, presumably, does it entirely trust Pakistan's military any longer. Despite Pakistan president Asif Zardari's pleas on a state visit in October last and attempts to play the India card, China evaded committing to a Sino-Pak civilian nuclear deal like the Indo-US one. Within days of Zardari's visit, China put out a list of ETIM terrorists "that…were involved with similar groups and base camps" in a "South Asian country" (meaning Pakistan). One out of the list is Memetiming Memeti, ETIM head since 2003 when his predecessor, Hasan Mahsum, was killed in FATA. Bar the Mahsum incident, China has not very successfully pressured Pakistan to turn over hundreds of Al-Qaeda- and Taliban-trained ETIM and East Turkmenistan Liberation Organization (ETLO) terrorists who fought US allies during Operation Enduring Freedom.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;What appears to be the case is that a hierarchy of terrorism victimhood has been established, with less and less recognition of victimisation as you go down the rung. While under Chinese pressure, the US and then the UN banned ETIM. However, America still does not readily and willingly differentiate Uighur terrorism from genuine Tibetan protests, condemning China for countering both (Seventeen ETIM terrorists in Guantanamo Bay won't likely be repatriated to China, though China has demanded them, if the facility is closed). Equally, China is loath to readily and willingly accept Indian victimisation from Pakistani terrorism, despite irrefutable evidence gathered from the Bombay attacks and from earlier ones. Having blocked it before, China unwillingly agreed to the UN Security Council ban of Jamiat-ul-Dawa, LeT's parent organisation. And its official media initially regurgitated the Pakistani lie that the Bombay attackers were Hindus masquerading as Muslims. Only days ago, the Chinese foreign minister, Yang Jiechi, called his Indian counterpart, Pranab Mukherjee, suggesting that China is going beyond proforma condemnation of terrorism against India, which is a change. But a more pro-active coming together is unavoidable.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No longer can terrorism raying out from Pakistan be combated singly by states (India,&lt;br /&gt;China or the US) or by blocs (NATO, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation), and their&lt;br /&gt;competition in other strategic spheres will have to be temporarily deferred or modified to overcome international jihad. Nor will the old crutches and dependencies serve any longer. For example, at the first hint of Indo-Pak trouble on Pakistan's eastern flank, the Pakistani Taliban has committed to fully back the Pakistan military and vowed hundreds of suicide attacks on Indian forces. This same Pakistani Taliban allied to the Pakistan army is behind ETIM, and China still (misguidedly) trusts the Pak army to deliver on ETIM terrorists. And this should also make it unreservedly clear to the US that the Pakistan army is growing to represent the Pakistani Taliban in uniform, and, beyond a point, they won't fight one another in FATA despite all the American threats and blandishments. The writing is on the wall for anyone to see. Pakistan is creepily becoming a jihadi state with nuclear weapons.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-7076129385738516208?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/7076129385738516208/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=7076129385738516208' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7076129385738516208'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/7076129385738516208'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/02/terrorism-in-pakistan-takes-aim-at.html' title='Terrorism in Pakistan takes aim at China too'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-8822364399905655260</id><published>2009-02-09T15:48:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:25.428+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Global Terror's Central Front: Pakistan and Afghanistan</title><content type='html'>Afghanistan and Pakistan are inextricably linked by a spreading Islamic insurgency. Ambushes, daring militant offensives, and targeted assassinations have risen sharply in Afghanistan, while suicide attacks and "Talibanization" are sweeping through Pakistan's settled areas at an alarming rate. Can the U.S. win a decisive victory in the Afghanistan-&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan theater? Is there a viable exit strategy? Please join Cato scholars Malou Innocent, who recently spent several weeks in Pakistan assessing the region's deteriorating condition, and Ted Galen Carpenter to discuss Afghanistan's meltdown, Pakistan's worsening situation, and the future of U.S. policy in this turbulent and critical region&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-8822364399905655260?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/8822364399905655260/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=8822364399905655260' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8822364399905655260'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8822364399905655260'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/02/global-terrors-central-front-pakistan.html' title='Global Terror&apos;s Central Front: Pakistan and Afghanistan'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-3803244155261511006</id><published>2009-02-09T15:45:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:11:25.428+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Terrorism'/><title type='text'>Terrorist Sponsors: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China</title><content type='html'>The United States has assembled a superficially impressive international coalition against the threat of terrorism. Many countries in that coalition, however, contribute little of significance to the fight. Even worse, the willingness&lt;br /&gt;of some members of the coalition to actually combat terrorism is doubtful.&lt;br /&gt;Indeed, given their record, some of those countries appear to be part of the&lt;br /&gt;problem, not part of the solution. That concern is especially acute with respect to&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia enlisted in the fight against terrorism only in response to intense&lt;br /&gt;pressure from the United States following the Sept. 11 attacks on the World Trade&lt;br /&gt;Center and the Pentagon. Even then, its cooperation has been minimal and&lt;br /&gt;grudging. For example, Riyadh has resisted Washington's requests to use its&lt;br /&gt;bases in Saudi Arabia for military operations against Osama bin Laden's terrorist&lt;br /&gt;facilities in Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even that belated, tepid participation is an improvement on Saudi Arabia's&lt;br /&gt;previous conduct. The U.S. government has warned that it will treat regimes that&lt;br /&gt;harbor or assist terrorist organizations the same way that it treats the&lt;br /&gt;organizations themselves. Yet if Washington is serious about that policy, it ought&lt;br /&gt;to regard Saudi Arabia as a prime sponsor of international terrorism. Indeed, that&lt;br /&gt;country should have been included for years on the U.S. State Department's&lt;br /&gt;annual list of governments guilty of sponsoring terrorism.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Saudi government has been the principal financial backer of Afghanistan' s&lt;br /&gt;odious Taliban movement since at least 1996. It has also channeled funds to&lt;br /&gt;Hamas and other groups that have committed terrorist acts in Israel and other&lt;br /&gt;portions of the Middle East.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Worst of all, the Saudi monarchy has funded dubious schools and "charities"&lt;br /&gt;throughout the Islamic world. Those organizations have been hotbeds of anti-&lt;br /&gt;Western, and especially, anti-American, indoctrination. The schools, for example,&lt;br /&gt;not only indoctrinate students in a virulent and extreme form of Islam, but also&lt;br /&gt;teach them to hate secular Western values.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They are also taught that the United States is the center of infidel power in the&lt;br /&gt;world and is the enemy of Islam. Graduates of those schools are frequently&lt;br /&gt;recruits for Bin Laden's Al-Qaeda terror network as well as other extremist&lt;br /&gt;groups.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan's guilt is nearly as great as Saudi Arabia's. Without the active support of&lt;br /&gt;the government in Islamabad, it is doubtful whether the Taliban could ever have&lt;br /&gt;come to power in Afghanistan. Pakistani authorities helped fund the militia and&lt;br /&gt;equip it with military hardware during the mid-1990s when the Taliban was&lt;br /&gt;merely one of several competing factions in Afghanistan's civil war. Only when&lt;br /&gt;the United States exerted enormous diplomatic pressure after the Sept. 11 attacks&lt;br /&gt;did Islamabad begin to sever its political and financial ties with the Taliban. Even&lt;br /&gt;now it is not certain that key members of Pakistan's intelligence service have&lt;br /&gt;repudiated their Taliban clients.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Afghanistan is not the only place where Pakistani leaders have flirted with&lt;br /&gt;terrorist clients. Pakistan has also assisted rebel forces in Kashmir even though&lt;br /&gt;those groups have committed terrorist acts against civilians. And it should be&lt;br /&gt;noted that a disproportionate number of the extremist madrasas schools funded&lt;br /&gt;by the Saudis operate in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;China's offenses have been milder and more indirect than those of Saudi Arabia&lt;br /&gt;and Pakistan. Nevertheless, Beijing's actions raise serious questions about&lt;br /&gt;whether its professed commitment to the campaign against international&lt;br /&gt;terrorism is genuine. For years, China has exported sensitive military technology&lt;br /&gt;to countries that have been sponsors of terrorism. Recipients of such sales&lt;br /&gt;include Iran, Iraq and Syria.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Even though Chinese leaders now say that they support the U.S.-led effort against&lt;br /&gt;terrorism, there is no evidence that Beijing is prepared to end its inappropriate&lt;br /&gt;exports. At the recent APEC summit, China's President Jiang Zemin was notably&lt;br /&gt;noncommittal when President Bush sought such a commitment. Whenever the&lt;br /&gt;United States has brought up the exports issue, Chinese officials have sought to&lt;br /&gt;link a cutoff to a similar cutoff of U.S. military sales to Taiwan -- something that&lt;br /&gt;is unacceptable to Washington.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is time for China, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia to prove by their deeds, not just&lt;br /&gt;their words, that they are serious about contributing to the campaign against&lt;br /&gt;international terrorism. In China's case, that means ending all militarily relevant&lt;br /&gt;exports to regimes that have sponsored terrorism. In the cases of Pakistan and&lt;br /&gt;Saudi Arabia, it means defunding terrorist organizations and the extremist&lt;br /&gt;"schools" that provide them with recruits. It also means severing ties with such&lt;br /&gt;terrorist movements as the Taliban and the Kashmiri insurgents. The world is&lt;br /&gt;watching the actions of all three countries.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-3803244155261511006?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/3803244155261511006/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=3803244155261511006' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3803244155261511006'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3803244155261511006'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/02/terrorist-sponsors-saudi-arabia.html' title='Terrorist Sponsors: Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, China'/><author><name>DKS</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-402382902518535196</id><published>2009-01-26T15:40:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:12:57.576+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Pakistan most anti-American ?</title><content type='html'>When I am writing this line I have doubt that Will Americans accept it?. Most of the Americans know and realize it that USA is using a double sided sword for his immediate goal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Today most of the Non Americans hate US just because their Policies are unjustified as per humanity and global peace. USA is in a dilemma that they can manipulate the world as per their wish and need. But they forget one thing that Policies are made for a justified, humanistic, peaceful and truth worthy mission. US have no mission just one capture the all available resources of world and they have first right to use it. History proves it that they always paid multiples as compared to gain but no one dare to accept it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Mr. Obama wants to implement his plan then he have to fight at 3 fronts:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Internal with CIA and FBI&lt;br /&gt;2. Terrorist and Organized crime&lt;br /&gt;3. Countries mother of evils&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama should understand one thing that CIA and US policies are the root cause of most of the world issues no matter it is Terrorism or Organized crime or Drug Trafficking or any other crime. If he is really honest about his plan then first he should clean CIA and FBI.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In the name of democracy USA and CIA had unestablished several countries and the result is that today they became threat to world peace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama should understand one basic thing &lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;" A strong enemy is better than a weak friend "&lt;/span&gt;. US acted in reverse order and the result is that today USA is most unsafe; internally as well as externally.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-402382902518535196?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/402382902518535196/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=402382902518535196' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/402382902518535196'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/402382902518535196'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/pakistan-most-anti-american.html' title='Pakistan most anti-American ?'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-6024931263011182062</id><published>2009-01-24T11:15:00.006+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-24T11:34:38.954+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Inaugural Address : By President Barack Obama</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqtU1t2F0I/AAAAAAAAAFY/bQmp_vb7Ehg/s1600-h/2342709399_c2fffc5844.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqtU1t2F0I/AAAAAAAAAFY/bQmp_vb7Ehg/s320/2342709399_c2fffc5844.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294734885455796034" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqtUhZyTRI/AAAAAAAAAFI/M5Qtq7SbamY/s1600-h/76834646_8.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqtUhZyTRI/AAAAAAAAAFI/M5Qtq7SbamY/s320/76834646_8.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294734880002952466" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqszuqzmRI/AAAAAAAAAFA/spTd_IU4rMw/s1600-h/592419115_069d61cb24_o.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqszuqzmRI/AAAAAAAAAFA/spTd_IU4rMw/s320/592419115_069d61cb24_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294734316628318482" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqszexL-_I/AAAAAAAAAEw/tdiMdBPUNqk/s1600-h/411614645_e2ebf3ab56.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqszexL-_I/AAAAAAAAAEw/tdiMdBPUNqk/s320/411614645_e2ebf3ab56.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294734312360115186" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqsYO9Qu_I/AAAAAAAAAEo/1PI5Q2xT7G0/s1600-h/536237972_db3bf3da76_b.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqsYO9Qu_I/AAAAAAAAAEo/1PI5Q2xT7G0/s320/536237972_db3bf3da76_b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294733844259322866" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqsX-MtT7I/AAAAAAAAAEg/t1UPzZ-2bYA/s1600-h/525315122_6c0e29a7fb_o.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 92px; height: 62px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqsX-MtT7I/AAAAAAAAAEg/t1UPzZ-2bYA/s320/525315122_6c0e29a7fb_o.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294733839760707506" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;My fellow citizens: I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you've bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.&lt;br /&gt;I thank President Bush for his service to our nation -- (applause) -- as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.&lt;br /&gt;Forty-four Americans have now taken the presidential oath. The words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace. Yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms. At these moments, America has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we, the people, have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebears and true to our founding documents.&lt;br /&gt;So it has been; so it must be with this generation of Americans.&lt;br /&gt;That we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood. Our nation is at war against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred. Our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age. Homes have been lost, jobs shed, businesses shuttered. Our health care is too costly, our schools fail too many -- and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.&lt;br /&gt;These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics. Less measurable, but no less profound, is a sapping of confidence across our land; a nagging fear that America's decline is inevitable, that the next generation must lower its sights.&lt;br /&gt;Today I say to you that the challenges we face are real. They are serious and they are many. They will not be met easily or in a short span of time. But know this America: They will be met. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord. On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the recriminations and worn-out dogmas that for far too long have strangled our politics. We remain a young nation. But in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things. The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit; to choose our better history; to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;In reaffirming the greatness of our nation we understand that greatness is never a given. It must be earned. Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less. It has not been the path for the faint-hearted, for those that prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame. Rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things -- some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor -- who have carried us up the long rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.&lt;br /&gt;For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life. For us, they toiled in sweatshops, and settled the West, endured the lash of the whip, and plowed the hard earth. For us, they fought and died in places like Concord and Gettysburg, Normandy and Khe Sahn.&lt;br /&gt;Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life. They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions, greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.&lt;br /&gt;This is the journey we continue today. We remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on Earth. Our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began. Our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week, or last month, or last year. Our capacity remains undiminished. But our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions -- that time has surely passed. Starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking America. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;For everywhere we look, there is work to be done. The state of our economy calls for action, bold and swift. And we will act, not only to create new jobs, but to lay a new foundation for growth. We will build the roads and bridges, the electric grids and digital lines that feed our commerce and bind us together. We'll restore science to its rightful place, and wield technology's wonders to raise health care's quality and lower its cost. We will harness the sun and the winds and the soil to fuel our cars and run our factories. And we will transform our schools and colleges and universities to meet the demands of a new age. All this we can do. All this we will do.&lt;br /&gt;Now, there are some who question the scale of our ambitions, who suggest that our system cannot tolerate too many big plans. Their memories are short, for they have forgotten what this country has already done, what free men and women can achieve when imagination is joined to common purpose, and necessity to courage. What the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them, that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.&lt;br /&gt;The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works -- whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified. Where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward. Where the answer is no, programs will end. And those of us who manage the public's dollars will be held to account, to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day, because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.&lt;br /&gt;Nor is the question before us whether the market is a force for good or ill. Its power to generate wealth and expand freedom is unmatched. But this crisis has reminded us that without a watchful eye, the market can spin out of control. The nation cannot prosper long when it favors only the prosperous. The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product, but on the reach of our prosperity, on the ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart -- not out of charity, but because it is the surest route to our common good. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;As for our common defense, we reject as false the choice between our safety and our ideals. Our Founding Fathers -- (applause) -- our Founding Fathers, faced with perils that we can scarcely imagine, drafted a charter to assure the rule of law and the rights of man -- a charter expanded by the blood of generations. Those ideals still light the world, and we will not give them up for expedience sake. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;And so, to all the other peoples and governments who are watching today, from the grandest capitals to the small village where my father was born, know that America is a friend of each nation, and every man, woman and child who seeks a future of peace and dignity. And we are ready to lead once more. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;Recall that earlier generations faced down fascism and communism not just with missiles and tanks, but with the sturdy alliances and enduring convictions. They understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please. Instead they knew that our power grows through its prudent use; our security emanates from the justness of our cause, the force of our example, the tempering qualities of humility and restraint.&lt;br /&gt;We are the keepers of this legacy. Guided by these principles once more we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort, even greater cooperation and understanding between nations. We will begin to responsibly leave Iraq to its people and forge a hard-earned peace in Afghanistan. With old friends and former foes, we'll work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.&lt;br /&gt;We will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense. And for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken -- you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;For we know that our patchwork heritage is a strength, not a weakness. We are a nation of Christians and Muslims, Jews and Hindus, and non-believers. We are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this Earth; and because we have tasted the bitter swill of civil war and segregation, and emerged from that dark chapter stronger and more united, we cannot help but believe that the old hatreds shall someday pass; that the lines of tribe shall soon dissolve; that as the world grows smaller, our common humanity shall reveal itself; and that America must play its role in ushering in a new era of peace.&lt;br /&gt;To the Muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect. To those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their society's ills on the West, know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;To those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history, but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;To the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow; to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds. And to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to the suffering outside our borders, nor can we consume the world's resources without regard to effect. For the world has changed, and we must change with it.&lt;br /&gt;As we consider the role that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave Americans who at this very hour patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains. They have something to tell us, just as the fallen heroes who lie in Arlington whisper through the ages.&lt;br /&gt;We honor them not only because they are the guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service -- a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.&lt;br /&gt;And yet at this moment, a moment that will define a generation, it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all. For as much as government can do, and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the American people upon which this nation relies. It is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours. It is the firefighter's courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parent's willingness to nurture a child that finally decides our fate.&lt;br /&gt;Our challenges may be new. The instruments with which we meet them may be new. But those values upon which our success depends -- honesty and hard work, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism -- these things are old. These things are true. They have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.&lt;br /&gt;What is demanded, then, is a return to these truths. What is required of us now is a new era of responsibility -- a recognition on the part of every American that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world; duties that we do not grudgingly accept, but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character than giving our all to a difficult task.&lt;br /&gt;This is the price and the promise of citizenship. This is the source of our confidence -- the knowledge that God calls on us to shape an uncertain destiny. This is the meaning of our liberty and our creed, why men and women and children of every race and every faith can join in celebration across this magnificent mall; and why a man whose father less than 60 years ago might not have been served in a local restaurant can now stand before you to take a most sacred oath. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;So let us mark this day with remembrance of who we are and how far we have traveled. In the year of America's birth, in the coldest of months, a small band of patriots huddled by dying campfires on the shores of an icy river. The capital was abandoned. The enemy was advancing. The snow was stained with blood. At the moment when the outcome of our revolution was most in doubt, the father of our nation ordered these words to be read to the people:&lt;br /&gt;"Let it be told to the future world...that in the depth of winter, when nothing but hope and virtue could survive... that the city and the country, alarmed at one common danger, came forth to meet [it]."&lt;br /&gt;America: In the face of our common dangers, in this winter of our hardship, let us remember these timeless words. With hope and virtue, let us brave once more the icy currents, and endure what storms may come. Let it be said by our children's children that when we were tested we refused to let this journey end, that we did not turn back nor did we falter; and with eyes fixed on the horizon and God's grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift of freedom and delivered it safely to future generations.&lt;br /&gt;Thank you. God bless you. And God bless the United States of America. (Applause.)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Note:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In his speech Obama tried to give a guideline for his future projects but one thing he have to remember that's I tried to explain by Sequence of Photographs : He have to move downwards from US centric to Peace centric. He should be ready to fight with CIA, FBI and other Intelligence communities because they are more dangerous that Terrorist. They are mother of all evils.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ultimately there are two critical areas for which concern country have to pay : Irak for USA and Tibbet for China.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-6024931263011182062?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/6024931263011182062/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=6024931263011182062' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6024931263011182062'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6024931263011182062'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/inaugural-address-by-president-barack.html' title='Inaugural Address : By President Barack Obama'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXqtU1t2F0I/AAAAAAAAAFY/bQmp_vb7Ehg/s72-c/2342709399_c2fffc5844.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1030005584468107192</id><published>2009-01-23T20:55:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-23T21:08:01.527+05:30</updated><title type='text'>OBAMA AND TALIBAN / ALQUIDA</title><content type='html'>Up to 30,000 additional U.S. troops could be sent to Afghanistan next year, and Of the additional troops, 20,000 will comprise four ground/maneuvering brigades.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US is in a dilemma and no one know how to find a way for a situation created by himself. Taliban and Alquida are children of CIA and ISI. They know each other closely and livelihood of Taliban and Alquida is beneficial to CIA to place their foot in Asia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Obama was really serious then he should first correct all the mistake done in Irak. They had been destroyed a civilization without a cause. If you analyze the situation then it is clear that Irak and Iran are the two Muslim countries which have the most honor in world. Now CIA is eying on Iran. If Pakistan or Israel or Korea can have Nuke then why not they ? Whats wrong with them.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mr. Obama have to first clear his own thoughts and eliminate all dual theories. If anything is wrong or illegal then it should be for all and if right then it should be for all.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If Obama really wants peace then stop all the covert operations by Intelligence community specially by CIA, Mossad, ISI etc. Automatically it will result in peace. Just try for few months you will see the results.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1030005584468107192?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1030005584468107192/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1030005584468107192' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1030005584468107192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1030005584468107192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/obama-and-taliban-alquida.html' title='OBAMA AND TALIBAN / ALQUIDA'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-3839042673574781096</id><published>2009-01-20T22:25:00.007+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-20T23:09:08.110+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Real Move To 21st Century.........</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXYC6S10BhI/AAAAAAAAAEY/Tea_AVvgzgQ/s1600-h/490001436-edt-ph-9-20090120-021853.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXYC6S10BhI/AAAAAAAAAEY/Tea_AVvgzgQ/s320/490001436-edt-ph-9-20090120-021853.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293421612533810706" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Barack Obama will be sworn in as the 44th president of the United States at noon on Tuesday. just within few minutes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Here are some biographical facts about the first African-American to hold the nation's highest office. (Content courtesy: Reuters) &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Age&lt;/b&gt;: 47&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Birthdate:&lt;/b&gt; Aug. 4, 1961&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Birthplace:&lt;/b&gt; Honolulu, Hawaii&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Education:&lt;/b&gt; Columbia University; Harvard Law School&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXYC6PmqQlI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/PcduWqV_DRk/s1600-h/obama_bush_20.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 108px; height: 81px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXYC6PmqQlI/AAAAAAAAAEQ/PcduWqV_DRk/s320/obama_bush_20.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293421611664949842" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; He is man with a definite plan and the world will be surprised by his act. As compared to Bush he have no any personal agenda and will work for betterment of USA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;He should be cautious about CIA and Allies because they must resist any move towards peace.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;We wish him success in all his dreams and projects.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-3839042673574781096?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/3839042673574781096/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=3839042673574781096' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3839042673574781096'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/3839042673574781096'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/real-move-to-21st-century.html' title='Real Move To 21st Century.........'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SXYC6S10BhI/AAAAAAAAAEY/Tea_AVvgzgQ/s72-c/490001436-edt-ph-9-20090120-021853.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-8396116815833489253</id><published>2009-01-18T20:31:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-18T20:34:33.176+05:30</updated><title type='text'>How to find the IP address of the sender in email - Gmail, Yahoo mail or Hotmail</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;When you receive an email, you receive more than just the message. The email comes with headers that carry important information that can tell where the email was sent from and possibly who sent it. For that, you would need to find the IP address of the sender. The tutorial below can help you find the IP address of the sender. Note that this will not work if the sender uses anonymous proxy servers. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;First of all, the IP address is generally found in the headers enclosed beween square brackets, for instance, &lt;b&gt;[129.130.1.1]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;h2&gt;Finding IP address in Gmail &lt;/h2&gt;        &lt;ol type="1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Log into your Gmail account with your username and password.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Open the mail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;To display the email headers,          &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on the inverted triangle beside &lt;b&gt;Reply&lt;/b&gt;. Select &lt;b&gt;Show Orginal&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You may copy the headers and &lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/info/howtofindipaddress/#ipdetect"&gt;use my IP address detection script&lt;/a&gt; to ease the process. Or if you want to manually find the IP address, proceed to 5.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Look for Received: from followed by the IP address between square brackets [ ]. &lt;pre&gt;Received: from [69.138.30.1] by web31804.mail.mud.yahoo.com&lt;/pre&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you find more than one &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; patterns, select the last one.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/track.pl"&gt;Track the IP address of the sender&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style="font-weight: bold;" id="googleh468"&gt; &lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt;&lt;!-- google_ad_client = "pub-4499772829528217"; google_ad_width = 468; google_ad_height = 60; google_ad_format = "468x60_as"; google_ad_type = "text"; google_ad_channel =""; google_color_border = "FFFFFF"; google_color_bg = "FFFFFF"; google_color_link = "883233"; google_color_text = "191919"; google_color_url = "0000FF"; //--&gt;&lt;/script&gt; &lt;script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"&gt; &lt;/script&gt;&lt;script&gt;window.google_render_ad();&lt;/script&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;Finding IP address in Yahoo! Mail&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                &lt;ol type="1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Log into your Yahoo! mail with your username and password.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on &lt;b&gt;Inbox&lt;/b&gt; or whichever folder you have stored your mail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Open the mail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed. To display the headers,         &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on &lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt; on the top-right corner&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the Mail Options page, click on &lt;b&gt;General Preferences&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Scroll down to Messages where you have the &lt;b&gt;Headers&lt;/b&gt; option&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Make sure that &lt;b&gt;Show all headers on incoming messages&lt;/b&gt; is selected&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on the &lt;b&gt;Save&lt;/b&gt; button&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Go back to the mails and open that mail&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should see similar headers like this:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://aruljohn.com/info/images/headersYahoo.gif" alt="Yahoo! headers : Arul John" border="1" /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You may copy the headers and &lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/info/howtofindipaddress/#ipdetect"&gt;use my IP address detection script&lt;/a&gt; to ease the process. Or if you want to manually find the IP address, proceed to 7.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Look for &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; followed by the IP address between square brackets [ ]. Here, it is 202.65.138.109.&lt;br /&gt;That is be the IP address of the sender.&lt;br /&gt;If there are many instances of &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; with the IP address, select the IP address in the &lt;i&gt;last pattern&lt;/i&gt;. If there are no instances of &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; with the IP address, select the first IP address in &lt;b&gt;X-Originating-IP&lt;/b&gt;.         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/track.pl"&gt;Track the IP address of the sender&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;        &lt;h2&gt;Finding IP address in Hotmail &lt;/h2&gt;        &lt;ol type="1"&gt;&lt;li&gt;Log into your Hotmail account with your username and password.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on the &lt;b&gt;Mail&lt;/b&gt; tab on the top.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Open the mail.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you do not see the headers above the mail message, your headers are not displayed. To display the headers,         &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on &lt;b&gt;Options&lt;/b&gt; on the top-right corner&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;In the Mail Options page, click on &lt;b&gt;Mail Display Settings&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;In Message Headers, make sure &lt;b&gt;Advanced&lt;/b&gt; option is checked&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Click on &lt;b&gt;Ok&lt;/b&gt; button&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Go back to the mails and open that mail&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You should see the email headers now.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You may copy the headers and &lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/info/howtofindipaddress/#ipdetect"&gt;use my IP address detection script&lt;/a&gt; to ease the process. Or if you want to manually find the IP address, proceed to 7.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you find a header with &lt;b&gt;X-Originating-IP:&lt;/b&gt; followed by an IP address, that is the sender's IP address&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://aruljohn.com/info/images/headersHotmail2.gif" alt="Hotmail headers : Arul John" /&gt; In this case the IP address of the sender is [68.34.60.59]. Jump to step 9.         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If you find a header with &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; followed by a Gmail proxy like this&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img src="http://aruljohn.com/info/images/headersHotmail.gif" alt="Hotmail headers : Arul John" border="1" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Look for &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; followed by IP address within square brackets[].&lt;br /&gt;In this case, the IP address of the sender is [69.140.7.58]. Jump to step 9.         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Or else if you have headers like this&lt;br /&gt; &lt;img src="http://aruljohn.com/info/images/headersHotmail3.gif" alt="Hotmail headers : Arul John" border="1" /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;        Look for &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; followed by IP address within square brackets[].&lt;br /&gt;        In this case, the IP address of the sender is [61.83.145.129] (Spam mail). Jump to step 9.         &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;* If you have multiple &lt;b&gt;Received: from&lt;/b&gt; headers, eliminate the ones that have proxy.&lt;i&gt;anyknownserver.com&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://aruljohn.com/track.pl"&gt;Track the IP address of the sender&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;       &lt;a name="ipdetect"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;       &lt;h2&gt;IP Address Detection Script&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;p&gt;I wrote a Perl script to automate this task for you. All you have to do is select your email service and copy your email headers in the box below.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;You may do one of the following: &lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can &lt;u&gt;copy &lt;i&gt;all&lt;/i&gt; the headers from your email and paste them&lt;/u&gt; here.&lt;br /&gt;In this case, the unnecessary headers (like &lt;b&gt;Subject:&lt;/b&gt;) will be removed automatically. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;You can remove all headers except those beginning with      &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;X-Originating-IP:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Received:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:180%;"&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Visit Following Page&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://aruljohn.com/info/howtofindipaddress/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-8396116815833489253?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/8396116815833489253/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=8396116815833489253' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8396116815833489253'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8396116815833489253'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/how-to-find-ip-address-of-sender-in.html' title='How to find the IP address of the sender in email - Gmail, Yahoo mail or Hotmail'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-8764025926935480500</id><published>2009-01-18T20:06:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-18T20:09:49.536+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Some Online Useful IP address Utilities</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Distance between 2 IP Addresses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ip-adress.com/ipaddressdistance/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;&lt;a name="result"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial;"&gt;Email Tracing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ip-adress.com/trace_email/#result&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-family:Arial, Helvetica, Sans Serif;font-size:100%;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;IP Tracing and IP Tracking&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.ip-adress.com/ip_tracer/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-8764025926935480500?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/8764025926935480500/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=8764025926935480500' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8764025926935480500'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/8764025926935480500'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/some-online-useful-ip-address-utilities.html' title='Some Online Useful IP address Utilities'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-6818082344048332985</id><published>2009-01-16T13:03:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:12:57.576+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Pakistan Action : Another Fraud</title><content type='html'>Pakistan's action on Jamat Ud Dawa is just a cover up operation. The most important thing is that money is transferred. There is no concrete Pakistani evidence against the persons arrested so they will be freed within few days.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Jamat-ud-Dawah (JuD), which was labelled a terrorist organisation by the United Nations Security Council for its links to the Mumbai carnage, has been able to transfer money out of most of its public bank accounts, negating the impact of the crackdown by Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The lead-up to the U.N. action gave the group ample time to transfer money out of most of its public bank accounts, a Pakistani Finance Ministry official was quoted as saying.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A report from Islamabad, quoting the Dawn newspaper, said on Sunday that the government was yet to formally ban the outfit, a front for the Lashkar-e-Taiba.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;An unnamed senior official of the Interior Ministry said Pakistan had not banned the organisation, but being a signatory to the U.N. charter, the government was under obligation to implement its decisions and take action against the Jamat. — PTI&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-6818082344048332985?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/6818082344048332985/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=6818082344048332985' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6818082344048332985'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/6818082344048332985'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/pakistan-action-another-fraud.html' title='Pakistan Action : Another Fraud'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5171647707085535319</id><published>2009-01-16T12:48:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-01-16T12:49:21.207+05:30</updated><title type='text'>Free Online Translator</title><content type='html'>http://www.systranet.com/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.systranet.com/&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.systranet.com/&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5171647707085535319?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5171647707085535319/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5171647707085535319' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5171647707085535319'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5171647707085535319'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/free-online-translator.html' title='Free Online Translator'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5793190161382361429</id><published>2009-01-16T12:27:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:13:19.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>BANNED ORGANISATIONS IN INDIA</title><content type='html'>LIST OF ORGANISATIONS DECLARED AS TERRORIST ORGANISATIONS UNDER THE UNLAWFUL ACTIVITIES (PREVENTION) ACT, 1967&lt;br /&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;S.No.                       Organisation&lt;br /&gt;1.     United Liberation Front of Assam ( ULFA )&lt;br /&gt;2.     National Democratic Front of Bodoland ( NDFB ) in Assam&lt;br /&gt;3.     People’s Liberation Army ( PLA )&lt;br /&gt;4.     United National Liberation Front ( UNLF )&lt;br /&gt;5.     People’s Revolutionary party of Kangleipak ( PREPAK )&lt;br /&gt;6.     Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)&lt;br /&gt;7.     Kanglei Yaol Kanba Lup ( KYKL )&lt;br /&gt;8.     Manipur People’s Liberation Front ( MPLF )&lt;br /&gt;9.     Revolutionary People’s Front (RPF ) in Manipur&lt;br /&gt;10.     All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF)&lt;br /&gt;11.     National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT ) in Tripura&lt;br /&gt;12.     Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC)&lt;br /&gt;13.     Achik National Volunteer Council ( ANVC ) in Meghalaya&lt;br /&gt;14.     Babbar Khalsa International&lt;br /&gt;15.     Khalistan Commando Force&lt;br /&gt;16.     International Sikh Youth Federation&lt;br /&gt;17.     Lashkar-E-Taiba/Pasban-E-Ahle Hadis&lt;br /&gt;18.     Jaish-E-Mohammed/Tahrik-E-Furqan.&lt;br /&gt;19.     Harkat-Ul-Mujahideen/Harkar-Ul-Ansar/Karkat-Ul-Jehad-E-Islami&lt;br /&gt;20.     Hizb-Ul-Mujahideen/Hizb-Ul-Mujahideen Pir Panjal Regiment&lt;br /&gt;21.     Al-Umar-Mujahideen&lt;br /&gt;22.     Jammu And Kashmir Islamic Front&lt;br /&gt;23.     Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)&lt;br /&gt;24     Students Islamic Movement Of India&lt;br /&gt;25.     Deendar Anjuman&lt;br /&gt;26.     Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)-People’s War, All Its Formations And Front Organisations&lt;br /&gt;27.     Maoist Communist Centre (MCC), All Its Formations And Front Organisations&lt;br /&gt;28.     Al Badr&lt;br /&gt;29     Jamiat-Ul-Mujahidde&lt;br /&gt;30.     Al-Qaida&lt;br /&gt;31.     Dukhtaran-E-Millat (DEM)&lt;br /&gt;32.     Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)&lt;br /&gt;33.     Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)&lt;br /&gt;34.     Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES)&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5793190161382361429?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5793190161382361429/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5793190161382361429' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5793190161382361429'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5793190161382361429'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/banned-organisations-in-india.html' title='BANNED ORGANISATIONS IN INDIA'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-1448245330342095978</id><published>2009-01-15T19:07:00.000+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:12:57.576+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>Pakistan Acted ?</title><content type='html'>Pakistan has arrested 124 militants from the banned Jamaat-ud-Dawa (JuD) and Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT) so far.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rehman Malik also confirmed that Pakistan has arrested LeT commanders Hafiz Mohammad Saeed and Zakiur Rehman Lakhvi, but expressed ignorance about the whereabouts of JeM chief Maulana Masood Azhar. Rehman Malik also said action will taken against Masood Azhar, if there is a specific complaint with adequate proof.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan has already banned 6 websites of Jamaat-ud-Dawa and several printing presses of JuD and LeT. The Paksitan government has also claimed that it has dismantled five camps of Jamaat-ud-Dawa in Pakistan and PoK.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;TRUTH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Although the main website of Jamat Ud Dawa is not working but few other are still working :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;http://www.jamatdawa.org/ -- Not Working&lt;br /&gt;http://www.jamatuddawa.org/English2 -- Working&lt;br /&gt;http://www.pakspectator.com/profile-of-jamat-ud-dawa/ working&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. The action is yet to be verified.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-1448245330342095978?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/1448245330342095978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=1448245330342095978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1448245330342095978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/1448245330342095978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/pakistan-acted.html' title='Pakistan Acted ?'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-5485666310965162841</id><published>2009-01-14T18:27:00.001+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:10:37.799+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>CIA and INDIA</title><content type='html'>Today Mr. Bush Confess that Irak attack was a mistake and he said sorry for that. Actually USA == CIA is the most confused state of the world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I studied few of CIA documents over Iranian Nuclear Program which reveals that it was USA which helped to acquire nuclear capability to Iran and now today they wants to stop Iran's nuclear program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One side they are providing F 16, Naval and Missile Technology to Pakistan which have nuclear capability and on other side they try to control Pakistan's Nuclear Program.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During 60's CIA and its team misguided senate to release some computer facility to china and later on which was used for nuclear programs. Now today China is their most capable enemy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;In 1980 CIA nourished Osama and Taliban to fight with Russia and today they are fighting with them to save themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If you review documents of Cold War period : At that time they are fighting with USSR but same time preparing themselves to fight with China in 21st century.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CIA A GLOBAL THREAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;CIA is mother of all evil. CIA is a group of Drug, Ammunition, and Terrorist Mafia whose major objective is keep their business going on in name of US security and democracy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;MISSION SANDWITCH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The current CIA mission is ongoing in India and Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Benazir assassination was step 1 to form a government which is loyal to CIA and USA because Nawaj was not going to win and Benazir can deny CIA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mumbai Terror attack is used(some say sponsored) by CIA to create a tension on border and initiate a war so that Militants can be caged in between Afghanistan and India.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Arab Sagar and Indian Ocean is already under US scanner and Russia and China will manage at their end.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now they are just trying to start a war between these two countries.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Why It Failed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;For India its not a good time to start a war. Some times keeping a silence is the best strategy and it is proved by history.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;USA (CIA) is going to die in their own net. Economically they are the poorest one and as per warfare they forget that same thing can destroy themselves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Currently USA is in a cold war situation with china but they are preparing themselves against India because their documents reveals that India is going to lead world.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;CIA in India&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assassination of Rajeev Gandhi had fulfilled another requirements of CIA that India had no strong government in last 10-15 years and using this scenario they have developed a huge network in India. Today RAW, IB, CBI and every ministry have Insiders which are passing information to CIA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;During my study I found some of big Media Houses on which CIA is so confident that it is using their reports to brief US presidents.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Now they are collecting database of Indians using several media houses and other networks. Western Money Transfer, Intel, UNO, NED are new faces of CIA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Reports shows that a former RAW chief was CIA plant and he passed several information to US and worked as source of Information against a country with whom CIA is in a cold war.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Discovery channel and National Geography should be  controlled because they are collecting data for CIA.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Why CIA is Against Peace and Weakest Point of USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually answer of this question lies in a truth that US is one of the top most Warfare producer and Exporter. If there is peace then who will buy their weapons and it will lead to shut down of several companies. So they always try to war and terrorism going on.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;They are confident that all war will be fought on other parts of globe so they will not harm USA. They are afraid of Osama because he is the one who challenged their this thought and proved that war can be fought on US itself.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Most of the Nuclear and Chemical weapons are deployed out side the US because if any accident happen then US will be safe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;US and CIA forget one thing that technology never recognize face, country or race, when it acts then only acts. Your planes and missiles are very modern and can penetrate every part of globe but you are also in this globe. You are testing your Arsenal in Irak and Afghanistan but one day you have to pay for it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Who will defeat USA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"&gt;USA will defeat USA. CIA policies will destroy USA&lt;/span&gt;. Today you may think me a mad man but just wait 10 years you will see what I am saying. If you study internal situation of US then you can notice its sign.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;What to India&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;India is on right track. Live and let Live but we should not argue to others to let us Live. Its our fundamental right and no one can challenge it.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I think India have to work quickly on few things :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Do not let India to become a US laboratory.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. Self dependent in Food and Water and Preserve Its grain race.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Improved Internal Security specially Intelligence.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. Advanced transport network backbone.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. PPP on next generation weapon system for all area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Political stability and prepare an agenda for nation which should be followed by all parties.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. Eliminate all Insiders.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. Restructuring of External eye.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-5485666310965162841?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/5485666310965162841/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=5485666310965162841' title='1 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5485666310965162841'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/5485666310965162841'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/cia-and-india.html' title='CIA and INDIA'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-302050064344757929</id><published>2009-01-08T18:47:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:10:37.799+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>Mumbai Attack : Pakistani Approach</title><content type='html'>Death of Karkare and Party was not a accident rather their commander had directed them that some of officers are coming to Kama hospital because Media had already disclosed that Karkare is going to Kama Hospital. I have doubt about it because it fulfills two basic requirements of ISI and terrorist:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Karkare and party is in hit list of ISI, Dawood because they cracked the Dawood network and they have a huge local informer network.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2. By killing them they can impose it on Hindu terrorist in connection to Sadhvi Pragya Singh&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-size:130%;"&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: verdana; font-weight: bold;"&gt;Now extract of theory what I read on some of Pakistani Website&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;1. Hindu terrorist killed them.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;2. Mumbai Government killed them because they failed to find evidences against Sadhvi Pragya Singh and party.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"&gt;3. This was a Christian conspiracy - First they tried to blame Hindu and when they failed, killed ATF chief to cover this matter in lieu of coming Lok Sabha elections.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. This is a RAW conspiracy with the help of CIA and Mosad to tackle Pakistan and providing a ground for US intervention.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. This is Al Quida conspiracy to initiate a War between India and Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"&gt;No matter whose conspiracy it was, but India had loosed officers who have capability to break any nexus and can face any type of threat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-302050064344757929?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/302050064344757929/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=302050064344757929' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/302050064344757929'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/302050064344757929'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/mumbai-attack-pakistani-approach.html' title='Mumbai Attack : Pakistani Approach'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-989134390416581309</id><published>2009-01-08T17:29:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:13:19.846+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='India'/><title type='text'>ANOTHER KARGIL : Intelligence Failure</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SWXrW_ezp1I/AAAAAAAAAEA/v3v-RkvoNcM/s1600-h/1.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 153px; height: 180px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SWXrW_ezp1I/AAAAAAAAAEA/v3v-RkvoNcM/s320/1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5288892117646813010" border="0" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The encounter which started on December 31 evening, continued on the consecutive eighth day today, with no major breakthrough for the troops.&lt;br /&gt;                            Militants intermittently fired from the defensive positions inside the dense Bien  forests.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The "holed up" militants are suspected to be of Pakistan-based Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM) outfit. "The holed up militants (in Bhati Dhar jungles) seem to be from Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM) as per intercept received by army&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The encounter between security forces and militants in the dense Batidhar forest in Mendhar area of Poonch district entered the ninth day today as the trapped militants were taking refuge in bunkers, concrete and carved out of caves.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Joint teams of Special Operation Group (SOG) of state police and Romeo Force of Indian Army have cordoned off the area. Exchanged firing continued in the daytime.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Over a dozen militants were still hiding and some para-military commandos had reached Batidhar area to sneak inside the forest area.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Security forces have lost two army soldiers, including a Junior Commissioned Officer (JCO), deputed with 39 Rashtriya Rifles (RR) unit of counter-insurgency Romeo Force and a Special Police Officer (SPO) in the encounter.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="font-weight: bold;"&gt;Ground Realty:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actually its an Intelligence failure but who will accept his guilty. As per my knowledge its a border area so Army should have primary responsibility. There is strong concrete Bunkers, large scale ammunition and and sophisticated telecommunication equipments. Still Army and SOG do not know what is there neither number of people nor type and quantity of equipments. I can not understand that what IB, MI, LIU and other intelligence forces were doing ?.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;It is not possible to build such a setup  without local help and supply. If this is ground realty then India should understand that Kashmir could not be saved by Army until the local people support is not with us. Army can only kill the militant but Army can not change the thinking of local people.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Every one is blaming Pakistan but no one is ready to see the loop holes of our system. Every one know that Pakistan wants to take revenge of 1971 war and that's why ISI and Terrorist nexus is free to work against India. Rather blaming Pakistan why not we inspect ourselves , our system.&lt;br /&gt;" If a person put his hand in fire then it must burn, but he can blame fire because it is fire's property or nature.  "&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;RAW, IB, Government, Navy and Coast guard have information that Terrorist could attack on Mumbai by sea and specifically Hotel Taj and Oberai. They came and killed thousands of people. What we did just blaming Pakistan and ISI and tried to cover entire failure.&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/6051520549764910218-989134390416581309?l=indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/feeds/989134390416581309/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment.g?blogID=6051520549764910218&amp;postID=989134390416581309' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/989134390416581309'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6051520549764910218/posts/default/989134390416581309'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://indiansecurityandintelligence.blogspot.com/2009/01/another-kargil-intelligence-failure.html' title='ANOTHER KARGIL : Intelligence Failure'/><author><name>RDS</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08713056049904870807</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='http://img2.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_ot6gBb1XxoM/SWXrW_ezp1I/AAAAAAAAAEA/v3v-RkvoNcM/s72-c/1.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6051520549764910218.post-7066620850986951464</id><published>2009-01-07T15:41:00.002+05:30</published><updated>2009-06-25T07:12:57.577+05:30</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pakistan'/><title type='text'>The Jihadi Terrain in Pakistan: An Introduction to the Sunni Jihadi Groups in Pakistan and Kashmir</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Dear Friends&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;Below is a research paper on Pakistan and Kashmir  which will provide you a in depth knowledge about Pakistan based Militant groups and their functioning.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style="color: rgb(255, 102, 102);"&gt;RDS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU)&lt;br /&gt;Research Report 1&lt;br /&gt;The Jihadi Terrain in Pakistan: An Introduction to the Sunni Jihadi Groups in Pakistan and Kashmir&lt;br /&gt;Nicholas Howenstein&lt;br /&gt;5th February 2008&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;About the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) was established in the Department of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, in March 2007. It serves as an independent portal and neutral platform for interdisciplinary research on all aspects of Pakistani security, dealing with Pakistan's impact on regional and global security, internal security issues within Pakistan, and the interplay of the two. PSRU provides information about, and critical analysis of, Pakistani security with particular emphasis on extremism/terrorism, nuclear weapons issues, and the internal stability and cohesion of the state. PSRU is intended as a resource for anyone interested in the security of Pakistan and provides:&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Briefing papers;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Reports;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Datasets;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Consultancy;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Academic, institutional and media links;&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;An open space for those working for positive change in Pakistan and for those currently without a voice.&lt;br /&gt;PSRU welcomes collaboration from individuals, groups and organisations, which share our broad objectives. Please contact us at psru@bradford.ac.uk We welcome you to look at the website available through: http://spaces.brad.ac.uk:8080/display/ssispsru/Home&lt;br /&gt;Other PSRU Publications&lt;br /&gt;The following papers are freely available through the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU):&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;PSRU Report number 1. The Jihadi Terrain in Pakistan: An Introduction to the Sunni Jihadi Groups in Pakistan and Kashmir&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 20. The India-Pakistan Peace Process: Overcoming the 'Trust Deficit'&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 21. Pakistan's Political Process&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 22. The Security of Nuclear Weapons in Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 23. Militancy in the FATA and the NWFP&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 24. The Gathering Strength of Taliban and Tribal Militants in Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 25. Swat: A Dangerous Flashpoint in the Making&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 26. Nuclearization and the External Dimensions of South Asian Strategic Stability&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 27. Are Pakistan’s Nuclear Warheads Safe?&lt;br /&gt;•&lt;br /&gt;Brief number 28. The ISI and the War on Terrorism&lt;br /&gt;All these papers are freely available from: http://spaces.brad.ac.uk:8080/display/ssispsru/Home&lt;br /&gt;2&lt;br /&gt;TABLE OF CONTENTS&lt;br /&gt;EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................4&lt;br /&gt;ABOUT THE AUTHOR...................................................................................................5&lt;br /&gt;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................5&lt;br /&gt;LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS..................................................................6&lt;br /&gt;THE JIHADI TERRAIN IN PAKISTANF.....................................................................7&lt;br /&gt;TOWARD ISLAMISM.....................................................................................................9&lt;br /&gt;FROM SECULARISM TO ISLAMISM IN KASHMIR.............................................11&lt;br /&gt;THE JIHADI GROUPS..................................................................................................12&lt;br /&gt;Jamaat-e-Islami (JI)...................................................................................................13&lt;br /&gt;Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM).........................................................................................14&lt;br /&gt;Ahle Hadith Groups....................................................................................................17&lt;br /&gt;Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)...............................................................................................18&lt;br /&gt;Deobandi Groups........................................................................................................22&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HuJI).................................................................................23&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM)....................................................................................25&lt;br /&gt;Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM).........................................................................................28&lt;br /&gt;Jamaat-ul-Furqan.......................................................................................................31&lt;br /&gt;Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP)................................................................................................32&lt;br /&gt;Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ)............................................................................................35&lt;br /&gt;AN EVOLVING JIHAD?...............................................................................................37&lt;br /&gt;3&lt;br /&gt;EXECUTIVE SUMMARY&lt;br /&gt;After the U.S.-led coalition ousted the Pakistan-allied Taliban the spotlight was once again on mujahideen in Pakistan. By this time, however, anti-American, anti-Jewish, and anti-Hindu ideologies were already common narratives among these groups, despite operations remaining regionally focused. It does appear that the message of jihad is becoming increasingly transnational for some of these groups, but reports that conflate them with the broader global Salafi jihad seem oversimplified.&lt;br /&gt;This is certainly not to downplay the danger that these groups pose to human security and overall stability in the region. Their goals, organizational structures, and demographics differ in several ways from the global Salafi jihad, but they are no less lethal in their mission. The ability of these groups to incite Islamic fervor against India and the West and in the name of Kashmir has left a bloody trail, and their ability to cleave sectarian rifts in Pakistan has taken a massive toll on the country’s society and national identity. Their availability as a cheap and able proxy against India has helped keep the Pakistani military a state within a state. Aside from their role in broader Islamist militancy, these groups are entrenched as obstacles to security and state-building in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;Three basic groupings of jihadi organizations operate within Pakistan and Kashmir corresponding to the three major Sunni ideological paths that they follow: those groups under the umbrella of Jamaat-e-Islami, those following the Deobandi school, and those following the Wahhabi / Ahle Hadith interpretation of Islam. While these distinctions may appear trivial to an outsider, they certainly matter to the members involved.&lt;br /&gt;Many of these groups are highly organized along the lines of standing armies or even corporations. However, internecine fighting is also a characteristic that has caused many of these groups to fracture. This is in large part due to the many personal alliances and friendships born during the Afghan jihad against the Soviets. Once the focus turned toward the U.S. and its Pakistani regime allies, many of the larger-than-life personalities that head these groups began to compete over tactics and resources.&lt;br /&gt;Potential members are often attracted to a group based on its unique sectarian or ideological bent. Thus, individuals inclined toward the Deobandi interpretation will join Harkat-ul-Mujahideen or Jaish-e-Mohammed, while those who follow the Ahle Hadith ideology will join Lashkar-e-Taiba. The charisma of individual leaders or the reputation of specific groups can also play an important role in attracting members. Many Pakistan watchers also believe that groups attract recruits through active proselytizing. Lashkar-e-Taiba, for example, will often not discriminate and will use Ahle Hadith indoctrination to attract both Deobandi and Barelvi recruits.&lt;br /&gt;Although many of the militant groups operating in Pakistan and Kashmir seem to share very similar ideological underpinnings, the differences between the various schools of Islam—in their origins as well as their politics and their attitudes toward minorities—are crucial. Groups aligned with a given school will recruit members from particular mosques and train them at camps with a specific ideology. Much of the tactical training is necessarily similar due to common battle environments, and during periods of alliance some groups will allow others to use their training camps.&lt;br /&gt;4&lt;br /&gt;According to many South Asia experts, mapping and understanding the webs, networks, and unintended consequences of these militant groups is a “house of horrors.” Even their interlocutors in the Pakistani security services often have trouble controlling them. This has become clearer with the multiple assassination attempts on President Musharraf and other top government officials. Moreover, the complicity of some lower-level military personnel is a major concern. As many younger officers and soldiers populate the security services, generational differences in ideology begin to appear, and the investigations from the assassination attacks have revealed that enemies of the government are dangerously close. This is also ostensibly happening within the jihadi groups, particularly within splinter groups who are frustrated with the perceived moderation of their parent organizations and who have become even more radical. Further alliance building and the forming of “hit squads” appear to be a result of this radicalization.&lt;br /&gt;ABOUT THE AUTHOR&lt;br /&gt;Nicholas Howenstein is a Senior Program Assistant in the Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention at the U.S. Institute of Peace. His primary areas of interest are Islamist militancy, political violence and radicalization, failed states, and the drivers of conflict. He received his B.A. from James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Va., and his M.A. from the Elliott School of International Affairs at the George Washington University in Washington, D.C.&lt;br /&gt;Nicholas Howenstein&lt;br /&gt;Center for Conflict Analysis and Prevention U.S. Institute of Peace&lt;br /&gt;1200 17th Street, NW,&lt;br /&gt;Suite 200 Washington, DC 20036&lt;br /&gt;(v) 202.429.1982&lt;br /&gt;(f) 202.833.1757&lt;br /&gt;Email: nhowenstein@usip.org&lt;br /&gt;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS&lt;br /&gt;The author would like to acknowledge Chris Fair, Praveen Swami, and the U.S. Institute of Peace for their comments and support.&lt;br /&gt;5&lt;br /&gt;LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS&lt;br /&gt;Ameer title of respect or nobility, usually meaning “commander”&lt;br /&gt;dawa invitation to Islam&lt;br /&gt;HM Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (Organization of the Mujahideen)&lt;br /&gt;HuA Harkat-ul-Ansar (Movement of the Helpers of Mohammed)&lt;br /&gt;HuJI Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami (Movement of Islamic Jihad)&lt;br /&gt;HuM Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (Movement of Holy Warriors)&lt;br /&gt;HuMA Harkat-ul-Mujahideen-al-Alami (Movement of Holy Warriors—International)&lt;br /&gt;ISI Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (Pakistan intelligence service)&lt;br /&gt;JeM Jaish-e-Mohammed (Army of Mohammed)&lt;br /&gt;JI Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Party)&lt;br /&gt;JKLF Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front&lt;br /&gt;JuD Jamaat-ul-Dawa (Group of the Call to Islam)&lt;br /&gt;JUI Jamaat-ul-Ulema-i-Islami (Assembly of Islamic Clergy)&lt;br /&gt;LeJ Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (Army of Jhangvi)&lt;br /&gt;LeT Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure)&lt;br /&gt;LoC Line of Control (between Indian- and Pakistan-administered Kashmir)&lt;br /&gt;madaris plural of madrassa (religious school)&lt;br /&gt;mujahideen holy warriors (singular: mujahid)&lt;br /&gt;NWFP Northwest Frontier Province (of Pakistan)&lt;br /&gt;RAW Research and Analysis Wing (branch of the Indian intelligence service)&lt;br /&gt;shahid a mujahid who has been martyred&lt;br /&gt;SSP Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan&lt;br /&gt;tabligh to convey the message of Islam&lt;br /&gt;tawhid the unity and sanctity of God (Allah); rejection of idolatry&lt;br /&gt;TJ Tablighi Jamaat (Conveying Group)&lt;br /&gt;UJC United Jihad Council&lt;br /&gt;Umma community of believers&lt;br /&gt;6&lt;br /&gt;THE JIHADI TERRAIN IN PAKISTAN1&lt;br /&gt;Nicholas Howenstein&lt;br /&gt;For the second time in three decades, the top priorities for American foreign policy have put Pakistan in the spotlight. Much to the chagrin of jihadi groups operating in Pakistan, the spotlight is also on them. Once the beneficiaries of U.S. and anti-Soviet aid, these jihadi groups are currently enduring scrutiny from the West, as well as the ire of President Pervez Musharraf. Due to the Pakistan government’s choice of “moderated jihad” strategy, which has involved tighter sanctions on Islamist groups operating in Pakistan and in Jammu and Kashmir, several of these groups continue to be the prime culprits in many antigovernment attacks.2 While groups operating under Jamaat-e-Islami (JI) and Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) have seemingly followed Musharraf’s demands, those of the Deobandi school of Islam are in fact connected to several assassination attempts on senior Pakistani officials. Therefore, while the United States has focused attention on such groups because they ostensibly occupy the same milieu as al Qaeda and the global Salafi jihad, the government of Pakistan is aware of the peculiarities of these groups. Most of these groups are not Salafi and hold beliefs inextricably linked to Islam’s evolution in South Asia. That notwithstanding, these groups are far from innocuous, and their proliferation “is the direct result of the jehadi culture prevailing in the country.”3&lt;br /&gt;Not all these groups are directly associated with al Qaeda, but because of the complex relationships fostered during the period of Soviet occupation from 1979 to 1989, or the “Afghan jihad,” it is difficult to state definitively that any of them are immune from its influence. Those that are linked to al Qaeda rely mainly on relationships between individuals, dating back to the Afghan jihad, rather than on any overlapping organizational structure. Authorities have reportedly captured or killed top al Qaeda officials in or around facilities associated with groups such as Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Jamaat-i-Islami. Beyond this scattershot of loose affiliations, however, the strength and influence of these ties is speculative at best. However, the investigation into the assassination of former prime minister Benazir Bhutto has led some to claim that local militants are now allied with al Qaeda in significant ways that are shaping the new face of these groups and the security situation in Pakistan.4&lt;br /&gt;1 Note: Claims by jihadi leaders and excerpts from publications used by these groups are generally avoided as sources of factual information. Where I do incorporate these claims, I try to note that they are from just one source in the mix of competing, and often dubious, reports. It is beyond the purview of this study to assess their veracity. Also, this paper uses consistent spellings of group names and leaders. For example, Lashkar-e-Taiba is so named in this work, though it may appear as “Lashkar-e-Toiba” or “Lashkar-e-Tayyiba” in other sources or translations. Also, while many of the groups have emerged under new names following government bans, I continue to use the original names, which are often still widely associated with the groups.&lt;br /&gt;2 See Peter Chalk and C. Christine Fair, “The Re-Orientation of Kashmiri Extremism: A Threat to Regional and International Security,” Terrorism Monitor 3, no. 22 (November 17, 2005), http://www.jamestown.org/terrorism/news/article.php?articleid=2369833.&lt;br /&gt;3 Muhammad Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, trans. Saba Ansari (Lahore: Mashal Books, 2004), 83.&lt;br /&gt;4 Carlotta Gall, “Local Militants in Pakistan Add to Qaeda Threat,” New York Times, December 30, 2007, A1, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/30/world/asia/30pakistan.html.&lt;br /&gt;7&lt;br /&gt;After the U.S.-led coalition ousted the Pakistan-allied Taliban from Afghanistan, several Pakistani jihadi groups adopted a decidedly anti-Western ideology. Anti-American, anti-Jewish, and anti-Hindu ideologies were already common even before September 11, 2001, but the operational focus of these groups has remained regional. So, while the post-September 11 worldview brought these groups into focus for many—avid South Asia watchers aside—conflating them with al Qaeda and its ilk is in ways reductionist and oversimplified.&lt;br /&gt;This is certainly not to downplay the danger that these groups pose to human security and overall stability in the region. Their goals, organizational structures, and demographics differ in several ways from the global Salafi jihad, but they are no less lethal in their mission. The ability of these groups to incite Islamic fervor against India and the West and in the name of Kashmir has left a bloody trail, and their ability to cleave sectarian rifts in Pakistan has taken a massive toll on the country’s society and national identity. Their availability as a cheap and able proxy against India has helped keep the Pakistani military a state within a state. These groups are entrenched as obstacles to security and state-building in Pakistan.&lt;br /&gt;While many of these groups use twenty-first-century technology (e.g., cell phones and the Internet) to plan and execute operations, and several have adopted the strategy of dispersed nodes acting independently, they can also be highly organized. Several groups, especially Jaish-e-Mohammed, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM), are structured as an amalgam of professional armies and corporations. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, considered one of the best-organized jihadi groups operating in Kashmir, is organized along standing battalion and company formations. However, while highly organized, another interesting characteristic of these groups is their fractious nature. Many jihadi groups were born of the Afghan jihad, with allies in that war coalescing to form new groups once Kashmir became the primary focus. This, however, strained competing allegiances and threatened some of the larger-than-life personalities that head these groups. One may notice the tendency of groups to ally based on convenience, only to split over tactical differences and skirmishes over resources.&lt;br /&gt;Jihadi groups based in Kashmir operate, although only nominally, under the United Jihad Council (UJC). The Council is headed by the leader of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, Mohammed Yusuf Shah, who is more commonly known by his nom de guerre, Syed Salahuddin. However, many of the groups under the Council’s umbrella follow their own strategies and fight among and within themselves for resources and the patronage of the Pakistani government, namely, the Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate (ISI). In fact, the ISI is involved in many of the splits among the Deobandi and Jamaat-e-Islami-influenced groups. Conversely, Lashkar-e-Taiba has not yet encountered this problem, furthering the belief among analysts that it remains the chosen group of the Pakistani government. One primary reason for the ISI to orchestrate these rifts is its belief in a divide-and-manage strategy to keep these groups under control by shifting its support to leaders willing to work closely with the government. In many ways, an examination of jihadi groups in Pakistan and Kashmir requires as much study of the individual agents who guide them as of the goals and ideologies of the groups and their patrons.&lt;br /&gt;8&lt;br /&gt;Toward Islamism&lt;br /&gt;While South Asian Islam has historically been steeped in the syncretism of Sufi Islam, several schools, some dating back to British rule in India, have co-opted Islamic rhetoric in a revivalist tradition. With the inclusion of India into the British Empire, Muslim influence in South Asia declined dramatically. These revivalist movements arose in order to protect the interests of Indian Muslims and to reassert Islamic identity. Sayyid Ahmed of Bareili (from which the Barelvi strain of Hanafi Islam takes its name), who was greatly influenced by the teachings of Muhammad ibn-Abdul Wahhab,5 started the first of these groups in the nineteenth century. Sayyid Ahmed’s revivalist ideas became the mold for Islamist groups in South and Central Asia. This, however, does not fully explain the rise of militant jihadi groups in the region.6&lt;br /&gt;South Asian scholar Saeed Shafqat, currently of Columbia University, believes the rise of religiopolitical groups and their militant offshoots in Pakistan has roots in the country’s shift away from a position of official Islam toward one of Islamism, beginning in the 1970s. In other words, Islam in many ways became a movement. These groups are of “association, solidarity and belief” and transcend traditional boundaries of ethnicity, also playing on the ideological and cultural ties of their members. First, they present Islam as the “panacea for all ills” and view the state as a vehicle for imposing Islamic tradition and law. These groups then must also forge an identity counter to the “other.” Where they find adversity in existential threats by the West or by Hindus, they are also proponents of a “Pakistani ideology.” That Pakistani national identity and militant Islamic ideology have in some ways dovetailed, especially in the past three decades, has also made these groups champions of jihad in Kashmir and Afghanistan and on other fronts where Islam is ostensibly under attack.7&lt;br /&gt;One of the places where these jihadi groups now see Islam under attack is in Pakistan itself. In the past, Kashmir-focused groups tended to confine their operations to India and Indian-administered Kashmir, and sectarian groups attacked communal rivals. However, the distinctions between groups have recently become less clear-cut, with overlapping membership and conflated goals. One of the most prevalent examples of this is Jaish-e-Mohammed’s links to attacks on the Musharraf government.8 Indian journalist Praveen Swami also sees “considerable continuities of thought and action which cut across organizations—and, at once, profound contradictions.”9 In fact, the dynamics of militancy in Jammu and Kashmir go far beyond the confines of that particular conflict and have more origins in nationhood and religious identities throughout South Asia. While the distinctions between these groups are discussed below, their similarities in goals and strategies often go unnoticed.&lt;br /&gt;5 Wahhab, an eighteenth-century Islamic scholar, inspired the “Wahhabist,” movement, which believes in the purification of Islam through an embrace of tawhid and other practices as they were in the time of the prophet Mohammed.&lt;br /&gt;6 Husain Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 3, (February 16, 2006),12-13.&lt;br /&gt;7 Saeed Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim: The Rise of Dawat-ul-Irshad and Lashkar-e-Taiba,” in Pakistan: Nationalism without a Nation? ed. Christophe Jaffrelot (London: Zed Books, 2002), 132-33.&lt;br /&gt;8 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir in Theory and Practice,” India Review 2, no. 3 (July 2003): 56.&lt;br /&gt;9 C. Christine Fair, “Militant Recruitment in Pakistan: Implications for Al Qaeda and Other Organizations,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 27 (2004): 491.&lt;br /&gt;9&lt;br /&gt;Though one recent poll has shown the Pakistanis believe the militant groups to be a threat to Pakistani security,10 the climate within the country portends continued support from the intelligence services in the near future. There is little evidence that Pakistan has made a strategic move away from relying on militant groups to prosecute its foreign policies toward Kashmir, India, and Afghanistan, but the government has circumscribed (at least temporarily) the ability of some groups to act openly as it increasingly becomes their target. Before the November 3, 2007, state-of-emergency declaration, the Musharraf government was engaged in a balancing act that tried to keep international (namely, U.S. and Indian) condemnation at bay while trying to minimize any internal unrest. Nonetheless, a general backlash against the United States for its foreign policy decisions and its encroachment on Pakistani sovereign territory (in the frontier provinces) and against the Musharraf government for its complicity have all fueled the fire of jihadi groups.11 The military’s inadequate initial response to the October 2005 earthquake also did much to rally support for militant groups operating in Kashmir and the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP). While the military maintained austere control of the situation, effectively locking civilian institutions out of the humanitarian relief efforts, the jihadi groups were in many cases the first and only groups to provide assistance. The military itself waited nearly three weeks to begin providing shelter, food, and other provisions. Despite this abysmal response—and despite the clear availability of civilian relief organizations and NGOs—the military still held tightly to its central role even after months of reconstruction efforts.12 Militant groups quickly filled this space and provided the much-needed services and aid. This left many of the victims to question the willingness and ability of the military and the government to provide for them.13&lt;br /&gt;As Swami writes, mapping and understanding the webs, networks, and unintended consequences of militancy is a “house of horrors.”14 Even the masterminds and handlers in the Pakistani security services often have trouble reeling these groups in, as evinced by the assassination attempts on Musharraf in late 2003 and the recent assassination of Benazir Bhutto. Moreover, the complicity of some lower-level military personnel is a major concern. The manner of the attacks, whose planning would have involved intimate knowledge of Musharraf’s closely held itinerary, pointed to involvement by officials working in the president’s security detail.15 In fact, many believe that some of the jihadi groups, particularly splinter groups who have scoffed at the perceived moderation of their parent organizations, have become even more radical. It is believed that the same umbrella group masterminded the attacks against Musharraf on December 14 and 25, 2003, but intentionally kept the individual attack cells sequestered from each other. During the trial of the planners of the December 25 suicide attack, it was believed that “some misguided Islamic warriors and a bunch of low ranking army and air force personnel” launched the plots.16 Rogue jihadists and rank-and-file military personnel may have been the foot soldiers in these attempts on Musharraf’s life, but such dismissive accounts belie some of the reports that followed the investigations. Purportedly, important figures linked to Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami&lt;br /&gt;10 See C. Christine Fair, Clay Ramsay, and Steve Kull, Pakistani Public Opinion on Democracy, Islamist Militancy, and Relations with the U.S. (January 7, 2008), 12-15. http://www.worldpublicopinion.org.&lt;br /&gt;11 C. Christine Fair, “Militant Recruitment in Pakistan: Implications for Al Qaeda and Other Organizations,” 493.&lt;br /&gt;12 International Crisis Group, “Pakistan: Political Impact of the Earthquake,” Asia Briefing no. 46 (March 15, 2006).&lt;br /&gt;13 Gary Thomas, “Earthquake Galvanizes Pakistani Islamists,” VOA News (November 2, 2005).&lt;br /&gt;14 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 55.&lt;br /&gt;15 Amir Mir, “Target Musharraf,” The Herald Annual (Pakistan), January 2004, 39.&lt;br /&gt;16 Quoted in Zaffar Abbas, “What Happened?” The Herald (Pakistan), June 2005, 71.&lt;br /&gt;10&lt;br /&gt;(HuJI), Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM), Jaish-e-Mohammed, and al Qaeda organized a meeting in October 2001 that was attended by members of the security services, to plan jihad against American allies, including Musharraf. Among the leaders were Amjad Farooqi, who died in a shootout with authorities in September 2004; Omar Saeed Sheikh, who was sentenced to death for his role in the murder of American journalist Daniel Pearl; and Abu Faraj al-Libbi, who was arrested in May 2005 for planning attacks against Musharraf and former prime minister Shaukat Aziz. In all, at least six foiled or failed attempts on Musharraf’s life sprang from the meeting of these individuals.17 The evidence was mounting that some militants were focusing jihad on their former allies in the government.&lt;br /&gt;From Secularism to Islamism in Kashmir&lt;br /&gt;The insurgency in Kashmir began on March 31, 1988, when the pro-independence Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) formally launched its campaign against the Indian government. Although it had prior ties to Jamaat-e-Islami, JKLF’s objectives were relatively secular. However, as the attention of the Pakistani security services shifted away from the western front, and mujahideen became increasingly motivated by their victory in Afghanistan, the secular dimensions of the struggle fell into the shadows. By the beginning of the 1990s, radical Islamist groups used their ties to the ISI and the military to supplant the secular rhetoric of the pro-independence movement with Pakistani nationalism and, above all, the symbols of jihad.18 Although some of these jihadi groups can trace their roots back to the beginning of the Afghan campaign and perhaps even further, this shift, which can be marked by the rise in attacks in 1989 and 1990, is a sufficient launching point for an introduction to these groups.&lt;br /&gt;Since the mid-1990s, Indian officials have claimed a dramatic rise in the number of militants crossing the Line of Control (LoC) from Pakistan-administered Kashmir—an increase that they attribute to a large infusion of Pakistani or “foreign” cadres. However, by some accounts the numbers do not coincide with the identifications of killed or captured militants. The greatly inflated numbers of “foreigners” that groups claim to command are either errors in identification (any unidentified militants are almost automatically categorized as Pakistani) or a propaganda tool to show the solidarity of the Kashmiri jihad, or both. Whatever the actual numbers may be, they remain estimates and are hard to pinpoint. Indian security forces estimate the number of militants operating on both sides of the LoC to be 3,500. The composition of the jihadi groups ranges from three-quarters Kashmiri, in groups such as Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, to about three-quarters Pakistani, in groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed.19 It is these largely Pakistani groups that seem to be most hostile to any sort of negotiated settlement with Indian security forces. Groups such as Lashkar-e-Taiba, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, and Jaish-e-Mohammed largely outnumber Hizb-ul-Mujahideen and have rejected any attempts at a cease-fire with Indian forces.20 In the past, some groups have hinted at the possibility of a cease-fire, but hard-liners in the respective groups have quashed these attempts. On at least two occasions,&lt;br /&gt;17 For an account of these meetings and the chronology of assassination attempts, see Abbas, “What Happened?” 70-75.&lt;br /&gt;18 Alexander Evans, “The Kashmir Insurgency: As Bad as It Gets,” Small Wars and Insurgencies 11, no. 1 (Spring 2000): 69.&lt;br /&gt;19 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 65.&lt;br /&gt;20 Ibid., 65. 11&lt;br /&gt;Hizb-ul-Mujahideen has extended a cease-fire proposal to the Indian government, only to rescind the offer, sometimes just days later. In July 2000, Abdul Majeed Dar, then chief commander of the group’s operations in Jammu and Kashmir, proposed a cease-fire that was initially endorsed by its leader, Syed Salahuddin. However, Salahuddin later withdrew his support, effectively taking the cease-fire off the table and ultimately precipitating a split in Hizb-ul-Mujahideen.21 In November 2006, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen again hinted at a “winter truce” with the Indian government, but again the proposal was withdrawn. In this case it is believed that hard-liners in the United Jihad Council, of which Hizb-ul-Mujahideen is the largest component, pressured that group’s leadership to pull back on the offer because it conceded many of the preconditions for settlement that the Council’s members demanded of India.22&lt;br /&gt;By 2000, Alexander Evans states, politics in Indian-administered Kashmir had “become largely meaningless,” and the government’s failure to provide autonomy or jobs at the time “made it extremely unpopular with ordinary Kashmiris.” Therefore, not only did the militant groups receive a great deal of support from the Pakistani regime, but they also enjoyed popular support from Kashmiris who were frustrated and disillusioned by a failing government.23 The Pakistani media continues to report the popularity of these groups within Pakistan security services despite the bans of such affiliations.24&lt;br /&gt;The Jihadi Groups&lt;br /&gt;Pakistanis often join a group based on its unique sectarian or ideological bent. Thus, individuals inclined toward the Deobandi interpretation will join Harkat-ul-Mujahideen or Jaish-e-Mohammed, while those who follow the Ahle Hadith ideology will join Lashkar-e-Taiba. The charisma of individual leaders or the reputation of specific groups can also play an important role in attracting members. Many Pakistan watchers also believe that groups attract recruits through active proselytizing. For instance, as Christine Fair notes, Lashkar-e-Taiba often will not discriminate and will use indoctrination to attract both Deobandi and Barelvi recruits, the first phase of its training being to teach the Ahle Hadith tradition.25&lt;br /&gt;According to the research of Amir Rana, training is similar across many jihadi groups, and it typically takes eighteen months for mujahideen to become fully functional.26 There are six stages to jihad training before a mujahid is deployed. The first stage, Tasis, is the indoctrination period, during which no military skills are taught. This is a period in which religious and sectarian fervor is instilled in the trainee, and the phase generally lasts one month. For example, Lashkar-e-Taiba will use this stage to convert recruits to Alhe Hadith teachings. Next is Al Ra’ad, a three-month period that continues the indoctrination period but also includes the&lt;br /&gt;21 See the South Asia Terrorism Portal entry on Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/hizbul_mujahideen.htm. See also Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 452-53.&lt;br /&gt;22 Praveen Swami, “United Jihad Council Backs Down on Ceasefire Offer,” The Hindu, December 1, 2006, www.hinduonnet.com/2006/12/01/stories/2006120103211200.htm.&lt;br /&gt;23 Evans, “The Kashmir Insurgency,” 73-78.&lt;br /&gt;24 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 71.&lt;br /&gt;25 Fair, “Militant Recruitment in Pakistan,” 493.&lt;br /&gt;26 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 115-16.&lt;br /&gt;12&lt;br /&gt;stock of their recruits and administer mental and physical tests to make sure the recruit is fit for a life of jihad.&lt;br /&gt;After these four months of spiritual conditioning and an introduction to light military activities, a six-month period of guerrilla training begins. Upon completion of this phase, mujahideen can technically be put in the field, but only after writing their will and giving it over to the ameer (a title of respect or nobility, usually meaning “commander”) of the camp. However, should the trainee require more specialized instruction, he will be sent on to Doshka and Jandla. The seven- to ten-day Doshka training teaches the recruit to use handheld weapons. Not all mujahideen go through the nine-month Jandla phase, which is considered the most difficult. During this training the mujahid learns how to use automatic arms and to craft explosives. Thus far, only the facilities linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba, Hizb-ul-Mujahideen, and Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami have the resources to conduct this training, but other groups often use these facilities to train their own mujahideen. The final two stages often depend on resources and the necessity of certain operations. For example, only the leadership of a jihadi group engages in Domela training, which teaches the handling of shoulder-fired weapons. Zakazak is also a rare form of training, because it involves familiarization with tanks, canons, and other heavy weaponry, to which many groups do not have access.27&lt;br /&gt;Three basic groupings of jihadi organizations operate within Pakistan and Kashmir corresponding to the three major Sunni ideological paths that they follow: those groups under the umbrella of Jamaat-e-Islami, those following the Deobandi school, and those following the Wahhabi / Ahle Hadith interpretation of Islam. While these distinctions may appear trivial to an outsider, they certainly matter to the members involved. Still, this taxonomy does not preclude groups of different sectarian affiliations working together for operational or tactical purposes.&lt;br /&gt;Jamaat-e-Islami (JI)&lt;br /&gt;Founded in 1941 by Maulana Abul Ala Maududi, Jamaat-e-Islami is connected to the kindred Muslim Brotherhood in the Middle East. Maududi began with the principle that the primary struggle in the world was between Islam and unbelievers and that Islam was essential to any proper political system. He advocated what he termed a “theo-democracy,” under which officials are elected, though they are ultimately subservient to divine law as interpreted by learned Islamic scholars.28 Initially, Maududi set out steps for the ascension of the Islamic state: using alliances with other Islamic parties from around the world, creating a robust social welfare network, which gained popular appeal, and establishing a network of schools. The strategy was based on the belief that society and state institutions must first be tempered before JI could condition the vanguard for the gradual but complete infusion of Islam into the state.&lt;br /&gt;Jamaat-e-Islami enjoys the support of a diverse cross section of Pakistani society, including students, unions, and professional organizations. However, its strongest ties are to the political elite, and it remains a focal point in the debate over Islam’s role in Pakistani politics and national identity. When General Zia-ul-Haq made Islamism an official state policy after seizing power in 1977, JI benefited as the regime’s ideological arm. This afforded JI members access to the upper&lt;br /&gt;27 Ibid., 115-16.&lt;br /&gt;28 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 15-16. 13&lt;br /&gt;echelons of the regime. For Zia, JI’s presence in the administration satisfied both the pious middle class, who saw its own fate locked to that of the party, and the Islamist intelligentsia, who followed the teachings of Maududi.29 Although the Pakistani branch of JI has embraced politics, it fared poorly after the death of General Zia and the ascent of Benazir Bhutto’s Movement for the Restoration of Democracy. JI’s political fortunes remained modest for much of two decades as it lost its stronghold in Karachi during the 1980s, won only a handful seats as part of a coalition in 1993, and boycotted the 1997 elections outright. When the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal coalition gained victory in Baluchistan and the Northwest Frontier Province in 2002, JI apparently regained its role as one of the most influential Islamist lobby in Pakistan.30&lt;br /&gt;Along with its political ups and downs, Jamaat-e-Islami has also been linked to militancy. Its Razakar fighters made their foray into violent jihad in the 1971 Bangladesh war for independence. This incursion forged JI’s ties with the Pakistani security services, including the ISI, and later with the Zia-ul-Haq regime, as these Razakar members were recognized as official members of the Pakistan army. This acceptance later grew into JI’s overt support for Afghan mujahideen, to whom it supplied training and funds raised from wealthy Arab and local patrons. This alliance of JI and the Afghan mujahideen thrived and also included a vast network of madaris (plural of “madrassa”), businesses, and charities. In turn, JI greatly influenced these Afghan mujahideen, including those led by Gulbeddin Hekmatyar and Burhanuddin Rabbani, who began to adopt the group’s anti-Western rhetoric.31 After Soviet troops withdrew from Afghanistan, JI turned its attention to Jammu and Kashmir, with the continued support of the ISI. Jamaat-e-Islami, however, wanted to maintain its distance from direct militant activities, identifying itself as more of a political-ideological movement and adopting a cautious, gradual approach to jihad. A leading scholar of JI, Professor Khurshid Ahmad, has pulled no punches in offering ideological justification for militant jihad in Afghanistan and Kashmir as well as against the West. In order to distance itself, JI has established groups dedicated solely to jihad, the most prominent of which is Hizb-ul-Mujahideen.32&lt;br /&gt;Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM)&lt;br /&gt;Master Ahsan Dar, a former schoolteacher and trained Kashmiri fighter, formed Hizb-ul-Mujahideen in October 1989. The group is credited with shifting the Kashmir issue away from a nationalist struggle, toward a broader campaign to unite Kashmir with Pakistan. Although some of its cadres support independence for Kashmir, HM gets much of its funding and ideological underpinnings from Jamaat-e-Islami. HM adopted a constitution in 1990, which established a Majlis-e-Shura (later replaced by a Supreme Council), a chief patron, an ameer, and a commander in chief, who, in consultation with one another as well as with JI, appoint the leadership of HM.33 HM’s affiliation with JI allowed HM militants to train in Afghan camps run by Gulbeddin Hekmatyar until the Taliban seized power. Currently led by Syed Salahuddin, HM mainly comprises ethnic Kashmiris, but Pakistanis of non-Kashmiri origin, affiliated with&lt;br /&gt;29 Gilles Kepel, Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2002), 100-104.&lt;br /&gt;30 International Crisis Group, Pakistan: The Mullahs and the Military, ICG Asia Report no. 49 (March 20, 2003), 6.&lt;br /&gt;31 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 18.&lt;br /&gt;32 Ibid.&lt;br /&gt;33 See Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 438. Amir Mir explains the group’s leadership a bit differently, claiming that “a 20-member Council and a five-member Shura run the party.” See Amir Mir, The True Face of Jehadis (Lahore: Mashal Books, 2004), 129. 14&lt;br /&gt;Jamaat-e-Islami, are also in its ranks. It is headquartered in Muzaffarabad, in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and its size has been estimated at anywhere from several hundred to tens of thousands of members. There is great disparity in the numbers given by several different sources. U.S. government reports have tended to underestimate HM’s ranks (at several hundred to 1,000), and another report estimates HM’s cadre strength at only 1,500. On the other hand, HM itself claims numbers that far eclipse both estimates. Amir Rana writes that in 2001 HM’s yearly report claimed to have nearly 2,500 active mujahideen and almost 13,000 total mujahideen. And Amir Mir reports HM’s ranks to number as high as 20,000.34&lt;br /&gt;Recent reports however tell of a crisis for recruitment and morale in HM. The number of cadres available at its main training camps has dwindled to a little over six hundred, and the spigot for arms and materiel has run nearly dry.35 Though its popular support has decreased as of late, it recruits many of its members from Kashmir so HM remains one of the most influential groups in the region. While it does have a cadre of Pakistani volunteers, it is widely considered the most ethnically Kashmiri of the militant organizations. HM has established a network with operations in Pakistan-administered and Indian-administered Kashmir and in Pakistan. Pakistani officials believe that HM controls up to 60 percent of the mujahideen operating in Kashmir, perhaps because of one report that HM has been working alongside Lashkar-e-Taiba since 1997. Because of its ethnically Kashmiri cadres, HM often works alongside other militant groups to provide local knowledge to the overwhelmingly Pakistani and foreign membership of other groups.36&lt;br /&gt;In its mission to unite Jammu and Kashmir entirely with Pakistan, HM primarily targets Indian security forces and politicians in Kashmir.37 Hizb-ul-Mujahideen is very well organized militarily, and, as mentioned above, it is modeled after a highly structured army. The Central Command Council is headed by the commander in chief, and there are three to four “battalions” in each district. HM even has platoons and companies named after Companions of the Prophet and other venerated figures.38 HM’s attacks have been some of the most troublesome and lethal for Indian forces and installations. It is one of the only militant groups to assassinate high-ranking Indian personnel, including three major generals and several hundred officers of all ranks. It has crippled Indian army communications infrastructure and has conducted daring raids, jailbreaks, and ambushes. HM has purportedly even carried out attacks within India, detonating bombs near the Ministry of Defense and the army headquarters, and conducting a raid with grenades and small arms near an office of the Indian Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) in New Delhi.39 HM recruits many of its cadres using JI institutions to conduct these operations. It uses the subgroups Islami Jamiat-e-Tulaba and Jamiat-e-Tulaba-e-Arabia to recruit students from universities and JI-affiliated madaris. Jamaat-e-Islami also plays a key role in raising funds for&lt;br /&gt;34 For more on these competing claims, see South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/hizbul_mujahideen.htm (accessed November 1, 2006); Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 447; and U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 241.&lt;br /&gt;35 Praveen Swami, “Between the Hammer and the Anvil,” The Hindu (India), May 3, 2007, www.southasianmedia.net/index_opinion4.cfm?id=114887.&lt;br /&gt;36 This is, however, the only report of HM and LeT working in tandem. See MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base at www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=52 .&lt;br /&gt;37 Evans, “The Kashmir Insurgency,” 70; and U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 241.&lt;br /&gt;38 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 441.&lt;br /&gt;39 For more on these operations, see Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 443-45.&lt;br /&gt;15&lt;br /&gt;HM. In addition to donation boxes, which are set up throughout Pakistan and Kashmir, JI has also set up at least five different foundations, domestic and international, to fund the jihadi cause and aid the families of fallen mujahideen.40&lt;br /&gt;Despite its prominence, internecine squabbles have struck HM and given rise to a number of splinter groups. The first of these breakaway groups, Jamiat-ul-Mujaheddin, formed in 1990. According to Amir Rana, HM is actually an amalgam of several groups that were operating in Kashmir before 1989: the Zia Tigers, Al Hamza, Maudodi Squad, Ansar-ul-Islam, Tehreek-e-Jehad-e-Islami, the Allah Tigers, and Al Badr.41 Hizb-ul-Mujahideen was originally named Al Badr for a very short time, and another splinter group of HM would also go on to adopt this name.42 In fact, several groups have used the name Al Badr, from the 1971 war, in which Bangladesh won its independence, up to the present. The current incarnation of Al Badr split from HM in 1998. Once active on the Afghan front, Al Badr turned its attention to Kashmir, where it remains active. Unlike its parent organization, it is made up mostly of Pakistanis, along with a few Afghans and Kashmiris.43 Hizb-e-Islami and Lashkar-e-Islam are two other offshoots of Hizb-ul-Mujahideen.&lt;br /&gt;Many of these splits have occurred over tactical disagreements and personal differences. It is also believed that the ISI orchestrates the mergers and rifts—in HM and in other groups as well—as a divide-and-control strategy. As mentioned above, one key internal rift arose when Syed Salahuddin expelled Abdul Majeed Dar, a popular leader among cadres, from the group. Majeed Dar, a field commander and second in command of HM, announced a cease-fire with Indian troops in July 2000—a precarious situation that the group was forced to accept when Salahuddin endorsed the offer. The cease-fire was eventually rescinded under pressure from HM’s more hard-line allies. Majeed Dar was ousted, and subsequent clashes between supporters of the two leaders ultimately ended in a formal split. Majeed Dar was murdered at his home in March 2003, and Salahuddin’s faction is still regarded as the main bloc within HM and remains at the helm of the Muttahida Jihad Council.44&lt;br /&gt;The rifts in HM occurred primarily because of the group’s origins as a conglomeration of several Kashmiri militant outfits. There are also three separate factions of HM based on regional distinctions: India-administered Kashmir, Pakistan-administered Kashmir, and Pakistan. Syed Salahuddin continues to lead the Pakistan group. By 1997, disagreements over the direction of the jihad in Kashmir incited Syed Salahuddin’s HM unit to split from JI. In his announcement, Syed Salahuddin claimed that his faction was now the fighting force of all people in Kashmir because JI was too busy playing politics. This reportedly upset the ISI, and talk of Syed Salahuddin’s ouster began to surface. This in turn sparked a feud between Syed Salahuddin’s unit and Masood Sarfraz’s Pakistan HM division. Amir Mir writes that for a time, the ISI had designated Masood Sarfraz to replace Syed Salahuddin. In October 2000, however, JI leadership expelled Masood Sarfraz over allegations of resource embezzlement and mismanagement. Angered by this, Masood Sarfraz formed the splinter group Hizb-e-Islami. Made up primarily of&lt;br /&gt;40 Ibid., . 448-49.&lt;br /&gt;41 Ibid., . 438.&lt;br /&gt;42 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 58, table 1.&lt;br /&gt;43 Zaffar Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” The Herald (Pakistan), February 2004, 59.&lt;br /&gt;44 Ibid., 55-56.&lt;br /&gt;16&lt;br /&gt;Kashmiris from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, its ranks also contain Pakistanis and, more recently, the Majeed Dar faction of HM.45 Another HM commander split and formed Lashkar-e-Islam after the aforementioned cease-fire row.46 These groups, however, are small and only able to conduct more narrowly focused and less lethal attacks.&lt;br /&gt;In 2003, tensions also began to mount between HM and JI over impending talks between the All Parties Hurriyat Conference and the Indian government. While pro-Pakistan Islamist leaders in HM attempted to rally support, JI chiefs wanted to stay out of the imbroglio between centrists and hard-liners. Islamist members within JI increasingly found themselves marginalized as JI leaders began to view HM as a liability to its overall mission. The removal of hard-line leaders from the All Parties Hurriyat Conference evinced a deep and seemingly irrevocable rift between centrists and Islamists. However, centrists were soon defeated as support for Islamist leaders grew and the overtures made by moderates were met with violence and a string of terrorist attacks. Islamists and unionist movements are finding increased support in Jammu and Kashmir, while support for HM is waning. Should cadres and funding continue to dwindle, HM may find itself in need of JI’s tutelage once again.47 If anything, these splits are testimony to the volatility of many jihadi groups, for even apparently stable groups can fracture over personal disagreements.&lt;br /&gt;Ahle Hadith Groups&lt;br /&gt;As one of the most puritanical strains of South Asian Islam, Ahle Hadith is closely linked with Wahhabism of the Arabian Peninsula. Brought to India in the late nineteenth century, the Ahle Hadith tradition sought to change the landscape of Islam in South Asia by reasserting the Quran and the Hadith as the only supreme authorities in Islam. In the syncretism already present in South Asia, especially Sufism, Ahle Hadith founders saw polytheistic and thus impure influences in the form of superstitions, ceremonies, temple and saint worship, and the adoption of some Hindu and Buddhist rituals. The Ahle Hadith sought to reaffirm tawhid (unity of Allah; monotheism) and reject all but the purest forms of Islamic teachings. The number of its adherents has historically been low due to early confrontations with generations-old traditions in South Asian Islam. Nonetheless, its followers are among the most fervent, and it enjoys the largess of wealthy regional and Saudi patrons. It has recently gained popularity, especially after these groups were better able to organize after the Afghan war and after many Pakistanis working in the Gulf region returned home with Wahhabist beliefs.48&lt;br /&gt;45 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 127.&lt;br /&gt;46 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 59.&lt;br /&gt;47 See Praveen Swami, “Jamaat-e-Islami takes On Hizb,” The Hindu (India), January 9, 2004, www.thehindu.com/2004/01/09/stories/2004010904591100.htm and ; Swami, “Between the Hammer and the Anvil.”&lt;br /&gt;48 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 24. See also Husain Haqqani, “India’s Islamist Groups,” Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 3 (February 16, 2006): 21-22; and ; Bashir Amad Khan, “The Ahl-i-Hadith: A Socio-Religious Reform Movement in Kashmir,” Muslim World 90, nos. 1-2 (Spring 2000): 133-58.&lt;br /&gt;17&lt;br /&gt;Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT)&lt;br /&gt;Lashkar-e-Taiba was founded in the Kunar province of Afghanistan, and it is the most prominent Ahle Hadith group operating in Pakistan and Kashmir. It is the militant wing of a large religious organization, Markaz Dawa-ul-Irshad, which was formed in the mid- to late 1980s by Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, Zafar Iqbal, and Abdullah Azzam.49 The Pakistani government formally banned the group and froze its assets during a crackdown in January 2002.50 The Markaz runs a large, self-sufficient complex at its headquarters in Punjab, near Lahore, and most of its members are Punjabi. The Markaz also runs an extensive network of madaris and ostensibly legitimate businesses. While it receives much of its funding and resources from Pakistani patrons, it casts its ideological net much wider. Besides fighting to bring Kashmir into the fold of pristine Ahle Hadith Islam, LeT also wants to unite the entire Muslim community of South Asia and beyond.&lt;br /&gt;As an offshoot of the Markaz, LeT initiated militant activities in Jammu and Kashmir in the early 1990s, distancing itself from the rifts that arose between mujahideen in Afghanistan. At that time, it linked up with the group Islami Inqilabi Mahaz51 to infiltrate the LoC.52 LeT is made up of several thousand members from Pakistan and Pakistan-administered and Indian-administered Kashmir, and veterans of the Afghan war.53 The group also claims to have members from seventeen different countries, including Algeria, Sudan, Yemen, Iran, Chechnya, the United States, and the UK. According to associates close to Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, LeT has stockpiled enough arms and ammunition in the Kashmir valley to fight the Indian army for at least six months. LeT claims the largest militant network in Pakistan by maintaining 2,200 offices nationwide and some two dozen camps to launch fighters across the LoC, though it also claims to have decreased the number of its camps under post-September 11 scrutiny.54&lt;br /&gt;Using Quranic verse as justification, Lashkar’s rhetoric deems jihad, whenever and wherever Islam is under attack, to be a religious obligation for all Muslims. In the book Hum Jihad kyun Kar rahe hain? (Why Are We Waging Jihad?), the group declares that the United States, India,&lt;br /&gt;49 There seem to be conflicting accounts of when the Markaz Dawa-ul-Irshad was founded. The MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base puts its founding in 1989, whereas Saeed Shafqat puts it in 1987. Amir Rana also gives a conflicting date, 1986, and Amir Mir, in The True Face of Jehadis, writes that LeT was also founded in 1986, as an original component of the Markaz.&lt;br /&gt;50 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 207.&lt;br /&gt;51 Very little is known about the structure and ideology of Islami Inqilabi Mahaz. The group claimed responsibility for the murder of four Americans and their Pakistani liaison in Karachi in 1997. However, shadow and obfuscation surround the group and its origins, especially following its claim to have detonated a series of bombs in New Delhi in October 2005. Some analysts believe that Islami Inqilabi Mahaz is simply another name used by LeT to evade scrutiny. See the group profile at the MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base at www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4613. Also see “Inqilabi just another name for LeT,” Times of India, October 30, 2005, www1.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/1280239.cms. See also Randeep Ramesh, “Police Arrest 20 in Search for New Delhi Bombers,” The Guardian, October 31, 2005, www.guardian.co.uk/kashmir/Story/0,,1605167,00.html.&lt;br /&gt;52 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 58, table 1. While Swami puts the origin of LeT in 1990, there is disagreement her as well. Amir Mir states that the group was formed in 1986 alongside its parent group, whereas Shafqat puts the rise of both groups one year later, in 1987. There are also conflicting dates for LeT’s first attack in Kashmir. Amir Rana puts its first attack in January 1990, with the murder of five members of the Indian air force as they waited at a bus stop in Rowalpura. See Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 329. However, the South Asia Terrorism Portal agrees with Swami that LeT’s first attack in Kashmir was not until 1993.&lt;br /&gt;53 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 208.&lt;br /&gt;54 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61. For a similar account, see Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 96.&lt;br /&gt;18&lt;br /&gt;and Israel are existential threats to Islam. Much of the group’s literature and teachings justify a nearly perpetual state of jihad and interpret all Muslim territory as subject to Muslim re-conquest in the broadest terms.55 Jihad also includes the right to avenge the loss of any land once under Muslim rule, including countries such as Spain. Therefore, Hafiz Saeed not only wants to unite Kashmir with Pakistan, but he also wants to see Pakistan become part of a “global Islamic state.”56&lt;br /&gt;After its reported involvement in a spate of attacks, LeT has been touted as the leading—and the most dangerous—militant jihadi group operating within Pakistan and Kashmir57. It has been implicated in an attack on the Srinigar airport that killed five, an attack on a Srinigar police station that killed eight, and an attack against Indian border forces that killed at least four. It also claimed responsibility for an attack on the Indian army base in Kaluchak that killed thirty-six. Moreover, it is one of the primary groups, along with Jaish-e-Mohammed, suspected in the December 2001 attack on the Indian parliament. In March 2002, senior al Qaeda member Abu Zubaydah was apprehended at a house in Faisalabad belonging to an LeT member. LeT has also claimed responsibility for the December 2000 attack on the Red Fort in New Dehli, which would substantiate the group’s claims that it has extended its operations inside India and Indian-administered Kashmir.58 However, LeT may be in the midst of a shift in tactics. Rather than sending forward large companies of up to sixty militants to confront Indian security forces, the group has opted for smaller cells of five to fifteen mujahideen,59 perhaps to make operations less conspicuous and more in line with Musharraf’s “moderated jihad” strategy.&lt;br /&gt;Although accounts of the LeT training regimen differ, scholars and analysts agree that the training yields well-planned and well-executed attacks. According to Saeed Shafqat, training in LeT takes place in two stages, with trainers divided into specialists and ordinary trainers. Some reports also note a distinction in trainees, between militants and ulema (religious scholars).60 There is also some disagreement over the indoctrination that members receive before the first stage of training. Amir Rana states that, as expected, many LeT trainees come from the traditionally South Asian schools of Islam (Deobandi, Hanafi, and Barelvi). Therefore, the Markaz teaches them Ahle Hadith principles in two separate courses, Dora A’ama and Dora Khasa. The former is a twenty-one-day course in which the Ahle Hadith creed is taught, and the latter is a three-month period during which Ahle Hadith is taught as the supreme form of Islam.61 This differs a bit from Shafqat’s statement that a fifteen-day dawa tour in the broader community precedes military training. Three months after this initial tour, each trainee is evaluated.62 The first stage of training then begins, lasting for twenty-one days. After another&lt;br /&gt;55 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 25.&lt;br /&gt;56 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 110.&lt;br /&gt;57 Evans, “The Kashmir Insurgency,” 71.&lt;br /&gt;58 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61.&lt;br /&gt;59 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 96.&lt;br /&gt;60 See the South Asia Terrorism Portal profile for Lashkar-e-Taiba at www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm.&lt;br /&gt;61 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 335.&lt;br /&gt;62 The South Asia Terrorism Portal also mentions the Dora A’ama and the Dora Khasa, but it does not specify whether these are religious indoctrination courses or part of the military training. The Portal also states that the first phase of training is a two-month course on the handling of small arms, rocket launchers, and grenades. See www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/lashkar_e_toiba.htm.&lt;br /&gt;19&lt;br /&gt;evaluation period, the second stage begins, teaching combat tactics such as operating bombs and rockets, conditioning for marches over treacherous terrain, and general guerrilla tac63&lt;br /&gt;The extent of LeT assets is not fully known, but the group receives donations from the Pakistani diaspora community of the Gulf States and the UK. It also receives financial support from Muslim NGOs and businesspeople from Pakistan and Kashmir. Donation boxes have also reappeared in public spaces and outside mosques (following an absence after other militant groups were banned), but the lion’s share of funds still comes from large donations by wealthy patrons. Markaz leaders are also reportedly making numerous property investments throughout the country.64 The group maintains extensive ties to groups throughout the Muslim world, including Chechnya, the Philippines, and the Middle East. These ties are maintained through the Markaz, but LeT also disseminates its message and calls for donations through its Web site Jamaat-ud-Daawa. Like many banned militant groups, LeT has also removed most of its assets from its previous bank accounts and invested in legal enterprises.65 The group focuses most of its recruiting and propaganda efforts on rural areas.66 However, it is also known to distribute propaganda and recruitment materials, such as its Jehad Times, the speeches of Abdullah Azzam, and pamphlets on the virtues of jihad around the world, outside mosques and even at Tablighi Jamaat’s annual ijtima in Raiwind.67 The Markaz also publishes an Urdu-language magazine, Aldawa, which has a reported circulation of 80,000.68&lt;br /&gt;The Markaz Dawa-ul-Irshad has a largely self-sufficient, heavily guarded compound covering nearly two hundred acres, situated on the Grand Trunk Road at Murdike, in the Punjab province of Pakistan.69 The compound has been declared an Islamic state, banning music, television, and smoking. It is from this fortress that the Markaz coordinates its network of social services, 135 secondary schools, 5 madaris, 16 Islamic institutions, and a convoy of mobile clinics and blood banks.70 The Markaz employs a teaching philosophy emphasizing both Islamic and modern education. This combination of Islamic principles with science and technology is used, according to Saeed Shafqat, “to produce an alternate model of governance and development.” A Dawat university is even under construction at the compound.71 Hafiz Saeed also champions the twin roles of dawa and jihad, and the unique interweaving of jihad and tabligh are an LeT hallmark. According to Hafiz Saeed, “Islam propounds both Dawa and Jihad. Both are equally important and inseparable… The need is to fuse the two together. This is the only way to bring about change among individuals, society and the world.”72 This all culminates in an educational philosophy for LeT that presents modern technology, tabligh, and jihad as means to power. The power that Hafiz Saeed envisions is distinct from Western democratic politics. For him, “Islamic politics” harnesses the true desires and efficiencies of men by giving the people a sense of direction. According to Hafiz Saeed, Islam is contra democracy. He eschews the preaching of&lt;br /&gt;63 Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim,” 144.&lt;br /&gt;64 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, p. 101.&lt;br /&gt;65 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2004, 103.&lt;br /&gt;66 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61.&lt;br /&gt;67 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 101.&lt;br /&gt;68 Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim,” 142.&lt;br /&gt;69 Ibid.&lt;br /&gt;70 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61. For a similar account, see Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 97.&lt;br /&gt;71 Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim,” 142. See also Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 100.&lt;br /&gt;72 Quoted in Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim,” 143.&lt;br /&gt;20&lt;br /&gt;those who believe that an Islamic society can burgeon within a democratic system.73 Western-style governance has corrupted the pristine rule of Islam, and the need is “to save the Ummah from this dangerous trend…and instead of adopting other systems [we] must restructure the entire system on Islamic principles.”74&lt;br /&gt;The United States government placed LeT on its list of international terrorist organizations in 2001, and the Pakistani government placed the group on a watch list in 2003. Because of this increased scrutiny, the Markaz was eventually renamed Jamaat-ul-Dawa (JuD). Both Jamaat-ul-Dawa and LeT continue to grow despite the circumscription of LeT and despite JuD’s position on the government watch list.75 Hafiz Saeed was arrested on December 31, 2001, for his inflammatory speeches, but the Lahore High Court ordered his release a year later.76 Saeed then ceded control of the militant wing to Maulana Abdul Wahid Kashmiri and focused his efforts on leading Jamaat-ul-Dawa. There is speculation that this shift occurred in order to give the Musharraf government wiggle room amid claims that it is directly aiding militant groups.&lt;br /&gt;Some analysts claim that LeT has become the new favorite of the Pakistani security forces since the split of Jaish-e-Mohammed (discussed below). It has also kept quiet regarding President Musharraf’s policy shifts on Afghanistan and India.77 Considering that Hafiz Saeed was set free and was able to continue his fiery speeches against India and the West, the claims of favoritism seem to have some veracity. While other groups felt the heavy hand of the Musharraf government in 2002 and 2003, Jamaat-ul-Dawa and LeT emerged relatively unscathed. There is speculation that this light treatment came as a result of careful guidance by Saeed’s allies in the government. In exchange for silence on the 2004 rapprochement with India—an event that stoked ire in many other groups—Jamaat-ul-Dawa and LeT were allowed to continue fund-raising, recruitment and training, and were assured that no restrictions on their activities would be implemented.78 LeT also does not target overtly the Pakistani establishment in its attacks, thus furthering the belief that it and the ISI remain close all&lt;br /&gt;Amid the post-September 11, 2001 pressure, Hafiz Saeed claims that activities have continued unabated, with several thousand new fighters a year continuing to swell its ranks.79 It has been difficult to verify these figures and determine whether this is simply rhetoric to buoy sinking morale. But, there is little evidence that the operations of the Markaz or LeT are slowing.80 The group continues to recruit, provide education and other social services, and preach Ahle Hadith values to buttress its support base. Many analysts are also quick to point out that the Markaz and LeT have simply been put on a government watch list, while the clampdown on other groups and their offshoots was more heavy-handed. On the other hand, there may be a shift underway in the Pakistan army’s support of the group. In the middle of 2007, LeT cadres reportedly began using a new route to cross into Kashmir from India. In the past, the Pakistan army helped LeT reinforcements from Pakistan-administered Kashmir, but LeT cadres have recently been arrested&lt;br /&gt;73 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 111.&lt;br /&gt;74 Quoted in Shafqat, “From Official Islam to Islamisim,” 144.&lt;br /&gt;75 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 24. See also Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 99.&lt;br /&gt;76 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61.&lt;br /&gt;77 Ibid., 60.&lt;br /&gt;78 Ibid., 61. See also Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 95-96.&lt;br /&gt;79 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 61.&lt;br /&gt;80 See “Jamaatud Dawa Allowed to Stage Show of Strength,” The Herald (Pakistan), March 2006, 61. 21&lt;br /&gt;after traveling from Karachi to Mumbai, the site of the July 2006 serial bombings in which LeT is the suspected culprit. A report of these arrests detailed the arduous journey from an LeT training camp to a safe house in Mumbai, where members were to stay until instructed to proceed north into Kashmir. According to information gleaned from those arrested, LeT militants are instructed to travel in pairs after leaving the training camp, and take this more circuitous route through India to reach Kashmir. This could suggest that the Pakistan army is no longer as forthcoming with its help on the LoC as it once was.81 Whether this signals a new permanent strategy for LeT is yet to be seen. However, it does mirror the current organizational trend among terrorist groups of launching small cells in order to avoid detection. If LeT has in fact been forced to find new routes through India, an increase in attacks within that country could increase as well.&lt;br /&gt;Deobandi Groups&lt;br /&gt;The Deobandi school of Islam takes its name from the Hanafi Madrassah-i-Deoband, founded in 1867 in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.82 Maulana Qasim Nanotvi, concerned with the encroachment of Western culture, believed in adherence to traditional Islamic values. Deobandis believe that the ills of Muslim society stem from a straying from the teachings of the Prophet.83&lt;br /&gt;Another key aspect of the Deobandi school is the transnational scope of its ideology. Not only does it call for reversion to an earlier, purer form of Islam, Deobandis also eschew national borders and believe that Muslims should defend Islam in any region of the world. Like Maududi and JI, the Deobandis believe that the most important distinction is between the Umma and nonbelievers. And, according to Husain Haqqani, “Jihad has always been central to Deobandi thinking.”84&lt;br /&gt;Mir Zohair Husain clarifies that Deobandis fall into a category of “traditionalist” Islam that is often mistakenly conflated with fundamentalism. While both traditionalists and fundamentalists are religiously conservative and generally object to Western culture and its ideas of governance, the similarities tend to end there. Fundamentalists, such as the Ahle Hadiths, look to the ancient, pristine age of Islam as the prototype for contemporary society. Traditionalists and the Deobandis are not as antagonistic to the “accretions” and “innovations” that Islam has accumulated from various local and regional practices, such as those that mark Sufi traditions in South Asia. This is partly due to the influence of ancient regional traditions and partly to avoid the popular backlash that Ahle Hadith leaders found upon first bringing their interpretation of Islam to the region. Deobandis, however, are a particularly austere brand of traditionalists. While they accept the veneration of saints and prophets, there is little tolerance for other&lt;br /&gt;81 Praveen Swami, “Signs of Another Line of Control,” The Hindu (India), May 14, 2007, www.thehindu.com/2007/05/14/stories/2007051400991000.htm.&lt;br /&gt;82 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 20. See also Mir Zohair Husain, Global Islamic Politics (New York: Harper Collins, 1995), 81.&lt;br /&gt;83 See Barbara Metcalf, “‘Traditionalist’ Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs,” essay, Social Science Research Council’s After September 11 Archive, www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/metcalf.htm.&lt;br /&gt;84 Haqqani, “The Ideologies of South Asian Jihadi Groups,” 21.&lt;br /&gt;22&lt;br /&gt;embellishments. Moreover, Deobandis are strict believers in taqlid (adherence to prior legal rulings) and the rejection of ijtihad (independent interpretation of legal matters).85&lt;br /&gt;Deobandi groups also enjoyed the good graces and support of the Zia-ul-Haq regime during the Afghan jihad against the Soviets. Many of the madaris established during that period followed the Deobandi school and provided sanctuary for refugees and mujahideen. This support reached its apogee when the Taliban, a group of Deobandi students, assumed power in Afghanistan.&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami (HuJI)&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami is in many respects the progenitor of the Deobandi jihadi groups, and Amir Rana refers to HuJI as the first organized jihadi organization in Pakistan.86 Maulana Irshad Ahmed formed HuJI in 1980 as part of the Afghan jihad.87 There are conflicting reports as to the exact origin of the group, however. Maulana Irshad Ahmed was killed in 1985, and according to Pakistani journalist Zaffar Abbas, Maulana Muzzaffar Kashmiri formed a group also calling itself HuJI in 1991, specifically to carry out militant jihad in Jammu and Kashmir. According to this report, the two groups eventually merged to form a united HuJI and came under the leadership of Qari Saifullah Akhtar.88 A competing claim says that the group was originally formed by the Jamaat-ul-Ulema-e-Islami (JUI) and the Tablighi Jamaat (TJ) as a relief organization for the Afghan mujahideen.89 There is some doubt to this claim, for an extremist political party (JUI) and an apolitical proselytizing group (TJ) would make an unlikely pair.&lt;br /&gt;One explanation for these disparate accounts is the chaotic and nebulous jihadi network that emerged during the campaign against the Soviets in Afghanistan. While some groups formed under the guidance of the ISI, others formed organically from individual mosques and madaris, only later to develop links with the ISI. This begins to tie together some differing narratives. Amir Rana, for instance, writes that HuJI was a fighting force from its inception. After Irshad Ahmed led a group of religious scholars from the NWFP to receive military training in Afghanistan, HuJI became an integral source of manpower and religious mandate, in the form of religious decrees, for the jihad campaign. Eventually, HuJI came under the patronage of the ISI and was responsible for recruiting and training mujahideen.90 Upon the death of Irshad Ahmed, Qari Saifullah Akhtar was selected as the leader of HuJI, but this set off a power struggle that caused Maulana Fazlur Rehman Khalil to break away and form Harkat-ul-Mujahideen.91 Soon thereafter another split occurred within HuJI, and Maulana Kashmiri spawned the Jamait-ul-Mujahideen. It was in 1991 that Deobandi ulema in Karachi implored these three groups to reunite to better focus on the Kashmir front. (See the sections on Harkat-ul-Mujahideen and&lt;br /&gt;85 Mir Zohair Husain, Global Islamic Politics, 80-91.&lt;br /&gt;86 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 263.&lt;br /&gt;87 Amir Rana, however, writes that HuJI was formed in 1979. See Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 263.&lt;br /&gt;88 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 57.&lt;br /&gt;89 South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm.&lt;br /&gt;90 Ali Chaudhry, “In the Spotlight: Harkat ul-Jihad-I-Islami (HuJI),” Report by the Center for Defense Information, August 16, 2004, http://www.cdi.org/program/document.cfm?DocumentID=2374&amp;amp;from_page=../index.cfm.&lt;br /&gt;91 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 263.&lt;br /&gt;23&lt;br /&gt;Jaish-e-Mohammed.)92 Even though this merger never fully came to fruition, in 1991 the Deobandi groups began to turn their attention toward Kashmir.&lt;br /&gt;Qari Saifullah Akhtar is a dynamic leader with connections that afforded HuJI many patrons. He was a student at the Banuri Masjid in Karachi, a seminary from which Harkat-ul-Mujahideen also grew93—a connection that smoothed the way for a merger with HuM. Akhtar was also a key player in the alliance of Osama bin Laden with Mullah Omar and the Taliban. The Taliban eventually brought Akhtar on as an adviser, and his forces were labeled the “Punjabi Taliban.”94&lt;br /&gt;The group’s goals are the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to Pakistani control and the broader Islamization of Pakistani society.95 In the mid-1990s, HuJI was based mainly in Afghanistan and Karachi. Until the ouster of the Taliban, much of HuJI’s military training was run from six maskars (training camps) in Afghanistan. The group also operates a training camp in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and about fifty seminaries in Karachi, some of which also run preliminary training.96 The most recognized of these HuJI seminaries in Karachi is the Khalid bin Walid madrassa, which has been linked to several other jihadi groups as well as al Qaeda. The exact number of HuJI militants is unknown. It receives most of its manpower from madaris in Pakistan, especially in Punjab and the NWFP. It also provides military training to foreign mujahideen, who often then join its ranks.97 Its network extends to Bangladesh, Chechnya, Uzbekistan, and China,98 and HuJI militants hail from both Pakistan-administered and Indian-administered Kashmir, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. HuJI has branch offices in some forty districts of Pakistan from which funds are solicited. According to Amir Rana, HuJI has a Central Finance Committee that oversees the collection of these funds. Along with the donations that it receives, HuJI also makes a considerable profit from the sale of arms to other militant groups.99 It also purportedly receives funding from the ISI and wealthy Punjabi financiers.100&lt;br /&gt;The group returned to the spotlight in August 2004 after the arrest of long-time leader Qari Saifullah Akhtar in Dubai. Akhtar was in hiding from Pakistani and U.S. authorities after the invasion of Afghanistan in late 2001, after receiving brief respites in South Waziristan and Saudi&lt;br /&gt;92 South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm.&lt;br /&gt;93 “Significance of Qari Saifullah Akhtar’s arrest,” Daily Times (Pakistan), August 9, 2004, http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_9-8-2004_pg3_1.&lt;br /&gt;94 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 271; “Significance of Qari Saifullah Akhtar’s arrest.”&lt;br /&gt;95 See U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 239; South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm ; MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base, www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=4613; Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 272.&lt;br /&gt;96 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 268; “Significance of Qari Saifullah Akhtar’s arrest,” Daily Times (Pakistan), August 9, 2004. http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_9-8-2004_pg3_1.&lt;br /&gt;97 See Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 267; U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, p. 239; South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm.&lt;br /&gt;98 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 263.&lt;br /&gt;99 Ibid., 267.&lt;br /&gt;100 See Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 57; U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 239; South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm.&lt;br /&gt;24&lt;br /&gt;Arabia. The fact that Akhtar was able to find refuge in such varied environments attests to HuJI’s extensive connections throughout South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East.&lt;br /&gt;The group has made a name for itself through its vicious campaign of violence, causing the United States to place it on the list of international terrorist groups. There are differing accounts of when HuJI began launching attacks in Jammu and Kashmir. One source reports that HuJI militants first crossed into the area in 1992; however, Amir Rana writes that a group of sixteen militants crossed into Kashmir as early as 1991. HuJI is also thought to have sacrificed the greatest number of mujahideen in Kashmir. These operations are often carried out more in the manner of army maneuvers, with large numbers of militants directly confronting Indian forces rather than using guerrilla tactics.101&lt;br /&gt;Throughout its evolution, HuJI has spread its activities far and wide. In 1995, Qari Saifullah Akhtar and four officers in the Pakistani army were arrested for an attempted coup to overthrow the government of Benazir Bhutto and install an Islamic regime. The four officers were tried and sentenced, but Akhtar was never charged. It was after this incident that he fled to Afghanistan and into the arms of the Taliban. The ouster of the Taliban exposed Akhtar’s links to the regime and precipitated a split within HuJI. The faction under Maulana Kashmiri insisted that it operated only in Kashmir, and formally disassociated itself from Akhtar. Meanwhile, Harkat-ul-Mujahideen continued to operate independently in both Kashmir and Afghanistan. The faction led by Akhtar, subsequently renamed Harkat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami-al-Alami, was responsible for attacks in Pakistan and on foreign targets in Afghanistan as a backlash against the Musharraf government and the West.102 HuJI is also responsible for frequent attacks on Indian army outposts and government officials in Jammu and Kashmir.&lt;br /&gt;The group is also implicated in the January 2002 attack on the Kolkata office of the United States Information Service (USIS) and is linked to the group al-Faran, which kidnapped and murdered five Western tourists in 1995.103 HuJI has been linked, along with several other groups, to the suicide attack that killed eleven French engineers in Karachi in 2002.104 There is little corroborating evidence for HuJI’s involvement in these latter attacks, however. Several sources report that HuJI has been largely dormant since 2002. Amir Rana writes that the collapse of the Taliban also augured the demise of HuJI. Without its Deobandi allies to provide sanctuary, many of the group’s foreign cadres dispersed, and Pakistani mujahideen in Pakistan-administered Kashmir have been instructed to cooperate with other militant groups.105&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Mujahideen (HuM)&lt;br /&gt;Maulana Fazlur Rehman Khalil founded Harkat-ul-Mujahideen in 1985 as a splinter faction from Harakat-ul-Jihad-i-Islami. HuM’s history is quite complex, and the group has actually existed under this name at two separate times since its inception. HuM broke with its parent organization&lt;br /&gt;101 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 269. However, the South Asia Terrorism Portal gives 1992 as the year that HuJI first crossed into Indian-administered Kashmir. See South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/HuJI.htm.&lt;br /&gt;102 Abbas, “The Militant Brigade,” 57.&lt;br /&gt;103 Chaudhry, “In the Spotlight. See also U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 239.&lt;br /&gt;104 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 239.&lt;br /&gt;105 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 272-73.&lt;br /&gt;25&lt;br /&gt;due to internecine fighting, but it retained many of the goals of HuJI. These primarily involved assisting the Afghan jihad and expelling Soviet forces. Starting in 1993, the group reunited with HuJI after influential Deobandi clerics persuaded Khalil and leaders of HuJI to merge for the sake of a consolidated effort on the Kashmiri front. This merger formed Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA). A full merger lasted only four years, but under the leadership of Maulana Saadatullah Khan, attacks in Kashmir increased dramatically.106 The merger was not a complete success, for it also led to the quick arrest of several top leaders, including Maulana Masood Azhar, a prominent Deobandi writer and propagandist. At the time of the merger, the group’s strength was reported at about a thousand members, primarily Pakistanis and Afghans, though HuA did maintain ties with some of the so-called Arab-Afghans who remained after the Soviet retreat.107&lt;br /&gt;This connection began to forge a pan-Islamic ideology that included the violent annexation of Kashmir by Pakistan, and armed struggle against nonbelievers, secular Muslim governments, and the West—which HuM continues to follow.108 Harkat-ul-Ansar’s links with the Arab-Afghans and Osama bin Laden eventually spelled the end of the nominal merger between HuM and HuJI. After several failed attempts to secure the release of Azhar and the other detained leaders, the U.S. State Department placed HuA on the list of international terrorist entities in 1997.109&lt;br /&gt;The group reemerged the following year under the moniker Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, with the same goal of unifying Muslims in South Asia and the broader world. The merger agreement that formed HuA was always contingent on HuM and HuJI being able to revert to their original forms should the union dissolve.110 Therefore, Fazlur Rehman Khalil reconstituted HuM and later signed Osama bin Laden’s 1998 fatwa against Israel and the West after the U.S. bombing of an alleged al Qaeda training camp in Khost, Afghanistan. The bombing resulted in the deaths of HuM mujahideen, and Khalil vowed to “definitely take revenge for this from America.”111 Khalil eventually stepped down as HuM leader in February 2000, replaced by his second in command, Farooqi Kashmiri.112&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Mujahideen has spread its ideology and activities beyond Jammu and Kashmir, to India and Bangladesh. It was implicated, along with HuJI, in the attack on the USIS office in Kolkata,113 signaling that the split between the two groups was never a full one. Its support for the Taliban regime—many of whose members have links to HuM members through madrassa education—soon placed it back under the microscope. The group was banned in late 2001 after crackdowns by the Musharraf government and ramped-up U.S. efforts against radical Islamist organizations.114 There are two separate accounts of what happened to HuM after the 2002 ban.&lt;br /&gt;106 Ibid., 245-46.&lt;br /&gt;107 “Trailing the Militants,” The Herald (Pakistan), December 2003, 61.&lt;br /&gt;108 MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base, www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=50 (accessed January 12, 2007).&lt;br /&gt;109 See ibid.; “Trailing the Militants,”61.; U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 196; and South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/india/states/jandk/terrorist_outfits/harkatul_mujahideen.htm.&lt;br /&gt;110 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 246.&lt;br /&gt;111 Ibid., 252.&lt;br /&gt;112 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 196.&lt;br /&gt;113 Swami, “Terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir,” 59.&lt;br /&gt;114 Amir Mir, however, writes that HuM was banned by the United States in 1999, after Khalil signed Osama bin Laden’s fatwa against the West. See Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 251.&lt;br /&gt;26&lt;br /&gt;Several reports state that HuM reemerged yet again, as Jamiat-ul-Ansar, which was subsequently banned by the Pakistani government in 2003.115 However, another account tells of internal squabbles over organizational matters that caused a cadre of members to split and form Harkat-ul-Mujahideen-al-Alami (HuMA). This group has been linked to assassination attempts against Pervez Musharraf as well as to the June 2002 attack on the U.S. Consulate in Karachi. It is also believed to have links to al Qaeda via aid and arms from tribal leaders in NWFP and from other militant groups in Pakistan.116 However, some intelligence sources in Pakistan believe that HuMA is simply a front for the original group and that no formal split ever occurred. According to this line of thinking, the split was a diversionary tactic by the original HuM so it could operate unimpeded and begin targeting Musharraf and U.S. interests in Pakistan.117&lt;br /&gt;Harkat-ul-Mujahideen is primarily focused on the conflict in Kashmir and is politically linked to the Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Fazlur Rehman (JUI-F) faction, a Deobandi religious organization.118 It is based primarily in Muzaffarabad and Rawalpindi and conducts training in Pakistan. Until late 2001, it also trained fighters in the eastern provinces of Afghanistan.119 The two most prominent training camps for HuM are located in Mansehra in the NWFP and in Muzaffarabad in Pakistan-administered Kashmir respectively. The former is the largest of the HuM camps and can host about seven hundred militants-in-training at a time. Over the evolution of HuM, a shift has occurred in the demographics of recruits. In its early years, HuM drew its cadres mainly from the madaris connected with the group and its leaders. Around the time that the focus turned toward Kashmir, HuM began recruiting young men from public schools, and by 1995, members who did not have a madrassa education outnumbered those who did receive religious training—an important issue that is discussed below. Some of these recruits are introduced to the group through itinerant recruitment cells that extend invitations to jihad after sermons at local mosques. Punjab and Karachi remain the most well represented areas in HuM.120&lt;br /&gt;Although Maulana Fazlur Rehman Khalil’s control over the group pervades almost every activity, HuM is considered to have a loosely organized structure. Its four main bodies are the Military Department, the Dawat-o-Irshad (Center for Preaching and Education), the Finance Department, and the Media and Publication Department. The Media Department publishes the monthly Sada-e-Mujahid and the bimonthly al Hilal, as well as other propaganda. HuM operates from about two dozen offices in Pakistan,121 maintaining an extensive network both within Pakistan and internationally. It is linked to conflicts in Chechnya, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan. The strength of HuM is reported at several thousand armed supporters throughout Pakistan and Kashmir, though it lost many members and material assets after the 2000 formation of Jaish-e-&lt;br /&gt;115 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 197.&lt;br /&gt;116 South Asia Terrorism Portal, Group Profile, www.satp.org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/terroristoutfits/HuMA.htm.&lt;br /&gt;117 Mir, The True Face of Jehadis, 116, 120.&lt;br /&gt;118 Evans, “The Kashmir Insurgency,” 71.&lt;br /&gt;119 U.S. Department of State, Country Reports on Terrorism 2005, 197.&lt;br /&gt;120 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 245, 250-51. Some current research that supports this idea of a trend by militant groups of recruiting their cadres from the public education system. This counters the oft-cited notion that the madaris provide the lion’s share of militant recruits. See C. Christine Fair, “Islamic Education in Pakistan,” trip report presented at the United States Institute of Peace (March 20, 2006), http://www.usip.org/events/2006/0320_fair.html.&lt;br /&gt;121 Amir Rana, A to Z of Jehadi Organizations in Pakistan, 251.&lt;br /&gt;27&lt;br /&gt;Mohammed.122 Currently, its members are mostly Pakistani and Kashmiri, though its ranks contain Afghans, Arab veterans of the Afghan war, and fighters from the wider Muslim world.123&lt;br /&gt;Along with its operations against Indian forces and civilians in Kashmir, HuM is also linked to the aforementioned kidnapping and murder of five Western tourists in 1995. It was also one of the key groups behind the 1999 hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight IC-814, which resulted in the release of Maulana Masood Azhar and Ahmed Omar Sheikh. The sources of HuM’s financial assets are varied, but the extent of its holdings is unknown. The group receives donations from wealthy patrons in the Gulf states, especially Saudi Arabia, as well as from local donors in Pakistan and Kashmir. Harkat also calls for donations through advertising and pamphleteering. It has recently moved many of its assets into “legitimate” business, such as real estate, commodities trading, and manufacturing, after the Pakistani government restricted its fund-raising and recruiting activities.124&lt;br /&gt;Jaish-e-Mohammad (JeM)&lt;br /&gt;In January 2000, Maulana Masood Azhar announced his formal split with HuM, and the formation of Jaish-e-Mohammad. Azhar was until then an influential leader of HuM, but after the Indian Airlines hijacking he decided to separate from the group. It is reported that Maulana Azhar, in addition to several other religious leaders in Pakistan, was upset by the infighting that divided the jihadi cause. These leaders, according to Amir Rana, announced their dissociation with all groups they had associated with as far back as 1998. After much deliberation and consultation with Islamic scholars and elders, it was decided that Maulana Azhar would lead the effort to refresh the jihadi cause by forming a new group under strong leadership that would avoid the rifts that had emerged in other groups. The formation of JeM came with the blessing of the heads of the Majlis-e-Tawan-e-Is
